Uvimba weNkqubo: Ukuba nobuchule kuluphawu olunomtsalane kwihlabathi liphela, into engenakulinganiswa nobulumko kukuba nezinto ezininzi ubani anazo kodwa amandla okukhulisa amandla kabani okanye ubuncwane obunqabileyo anabo ngalo naliphi na ixesha. Oku akuyonyani kuphela kwihlabathi lokwenyani kodwa nakwihardware kunye nesoftware esize kuyisebenzisa kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ukubeka izinto ngendlela, nangona iimoto ezijolise ekusebenzeni zinqweneleka, zinqweneleka, kwaye zinqwenelwa ngabaninzi ayinguye wonke umntu oya kugqiba ukuthenga imoto yezemidlalo okanye ibhayisekile yezemidlalo nokuba bebenayo indlela yokuba ubuza uninzi lwabantu ukuba kutheni abazange bathenge isithuthi esinjalo impendulo yabo iya kuba ayisebenzi.
Ngoku, into ethethwayo kukuba nanjengoko siluluntu ukhetho lwethu lutyekele ekufezekiseni impumelelo. Izithuthi ezinobona bunzima buphezulu azikhange zithandeke kakhulu kodwa into ezibonelela ngayo kukusebenza kakuhle ngokweendleko, uqoqosho lwamafutha kunye nokugcinwa kwayo. Ke ukuba neyona nto ixabisa kakhulu ihardware ayizukuyisika ukuba itsala amandla amaninzi ukuhlela nje ispredishithi esilula esinokuthi senziwe kwi-smartphone kwezi ntsuku okanye ukufaka nje owona mdlalo ubiza kakhulu okanye isoftwe ayizukwenza nokuba. iba ngumkhenkce xa sivula nje. Impendulo kwinto eyenza into isebenze kakuhle kukukwazi ukulawula izixhobo ezifumanekayo ngendlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu esinika ukusebenza okuphezulu kowona mlinganiselo omncinci wamandla kunye nenkcitho yezibonelelo.
Imixholo[ fihla ]
- Yintoni uvimba wenkqubo?
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeZibonelelo zeNkqubo
- Ziziphi iimpazamo ezinokuthi zenzeke kwiZibonelelo zeNkqubo?
- Singazilungisa njani iimpazamo zoMthombo weNkqubo?
- Ukuqukumbela
Yintoni uvimba wenkqubo?
Inkcazo emfutshane necacileyo yoku iya kuba, ukukwazi kwenkqubo yokusebenza ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi ecelwe ngumsebenzisi isebenzisa yonke i-hardware kunye nesoftware ngokusemandleni ayo.
Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo yetekhnoloji inkcazo yenkqubo yekhompyuter ihambe ngaphaya kwebhokisi enezibane eziqhwanyazayo ezinebhodi yezitshixo, isikrini, kunye nemowusi encanyathiselwe kuyo. Ii-smartphones, ii-laptops, iipilisi, iikhomputha zebhodi enye, njl.njl zitshintshe ngokupheleleyo ingcamango yekhompyutha. Kodwa, ubuchwephesha obusisiseko obuxhasa yonke le mimangaliso yanamhlanje ubukhulu becala buhleli bufana. Into engayi kutshintsha nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala.
Makhe simbe nzulu ukuba sisebenza njani isixhobo senkqubo? Njengawo nawuphi na uvimba wolwazi xa sivula ikhompyuter yethu, iyaqinisekisa kwaye iqinisekisa konke ukuphuma kwangoku. izixhobo zehardware iqhagamshelwe kuyo, eya kuthi emva koko ingene kwi UBhaliso lweWindows . Apha, ulwazi kwizakhono kunye nayo yonke indawo yamahhala, inani le-RAM, imidiya yokugcina yangaphandle, njl.
Kunye nale, inkqubo yokusebenza iqala iinkonzo yangasemva kunye neenkqubo ngokunjalo. Olu lusetyenziso lokuqala olukhawulezileyo lwezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Umzekelo, ukuba sifake inkqubo ye-antivirus okanye nayiphi na isoftware efuna uhlaziyo rhoqo. Ezi nkonzo ziqala kanye xa sivula iPC, kwaye siqale ukuhlaziya okanye ukuskena iifayile ngasemva ukuze ngokuqinisekileyo ukukhusela kwaye usigcine sihlaziya.
Isicelo somthombo sinokuba yinkonzo isicelo, kunye nenkqubo, iimfuno okanye iinkqubo eziqhuba isicelo somsebenzisi. Ke, okomzuzwana sivula inkqubo, iya kukhangela zonke izixhobo ezikhoyo ukuze iqhube. Emva kokujonga ukuba zonke iimfuno zifezekisiwe na inkqubo isebenza njengoko bekucetyiwe. Nangona kunjalo, xa imfuno ingafezekiswanga, inkqubo yokusebenza, ijonga ukuba zeziphi ii-apps ezibambekayo kweso sixhobo esothusayo kwaye izama ukuyiphelisa.
Ngokunqwenelekayo, xa isicelo sifaka isicelo saso nasiphi na isibonelelo, kufuneka sibuyiswe kodwa amaxesha amaninzi kunoko, izicelo ebezicelile izibonelelo ezithile ziphela zingasiniki isibonelelo esiceliweyo xa kugqityiwe umsebenzi. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha usetyenziso lwethu okanye inkqubo yethu iba ngumkhenkce kuba enye inkonzo okanye usetyenziso luthatha uvimba ofunekayo ukuze usebenze ngasemva. Oku kungenxa yokuba zonke iinkqubo zethu ziza nesixa esilinganiselweyo semithombo. Ngoko ke, ukuyilawula kubaluleke kakhulu.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeZibonelelo zeNkqubo
Isixhobo seSistim sisetyenziswa nokuba yihardware okanye isoftware ukunxibelelana nabanye. Xa isoftware ifuna ukuthumela idatha kwisixhobo, njengaxa ufuna ukugcina ifayile kwihard drive okanye xa ihardware ifuna ukuhoywa, njengaxa sicofa isitshixo kwibhodi yezitshixo.
Kukho iintlobo ezine zemithombo yenkqubo esiza kudibana nayo ngelixa siqhuba inkqubo, zezi:
- Imijelo yoFikelelo oluNgqo kwiMemori (i-DMA).
- Imigca yesicelo yokuphazamisa (IRQ)
- Iidilesi zeeNgeniso kunye neZiphumo
- Iidilesi zememori
Xa sicofa isitshixo kwikhibhodi, ikhibhodi ifuna ukwazisa i-CPU ukuba isitshixo sicinezelwe kodwa ekubeni i-CPU sele ixakekile iqhuba enye inkqubo ekhoyo ngoku sinokuyimisa ide igqibe umsebenzi okhoyo.
Ukujongana nale nto kwafuneka siphumeze into ebizwa phazamisa imigca yesicelo (IRQ) , yenza kanye loo nto ivakala ngathi iphazamisa i-CPU kwaye yenza i-CPU yazi ukuba kukho isicelo esitsha esiye savela kwi-keyboard, ngoko ikhibhodi ibeka i-voltage kumgca we-IRQ eyabelwe yona. Lo mbane usebenza njengomqondiso we-CPU wokuba kukho isixhobo esinesicelo esifuna ukuqwalaselwa.
Inkqubo esebenzayo inxulumene nenkumbulo njengoluhlu olude lweeseli enokuthi isebenzise ukugcina idatha kunye nemiyalelo, ngokufana ne-spreadsheet esinedimensional enye. Cinga ngedilesi yememori njengenombolo yokuhlala kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, isihlalo ngasinye sabelwe inombolo kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho umntu ohleli kuyo okanye hayi. Umntu ohleli esihlalweni unokuba luhlobo oluthile lwedatha okanye umyalelo. Inkqubo yokusebenza ayibhekiseli kumntu ngegama kodwa kuphela ngenombolo yesitulo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokusebenza inokuthi, ifuna ukuprinta idatha kwidilesi yememori 500. Ezi dilesi zihlala ziboniswa kwisikrini njengenombolo ye-hexadecimal kwi-segment offset form.
Iidilesi zongeniso-mveliso ezikwabizwa ngokuba ngamazibuko, i-CPU inokusebenzisa ukufikelela kwizixhobo zehardware ngendlela efanayo isebenzisa iidilesi zememori ukufikelela kwimemori yomzimba. I idilesi yebhasi kwi motherboard ngamanye amaxesha iphatha iidilesi zememori kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iphatha idilesi yegalelo-imveliso.
Ukuba idilesi yebhasi imiselwe ukuthwala iidilesi ze-input-output, ngoko isixhobo ngasinye se-hardware siyamamela le bhasi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-CPU ifuna ukunxibelelana nebhodibhodi, iya kubeka idilesi ye-Input-Output yebhodibhodi kwidilesi yebhasi.
Nje ukuba idilesi ibekwe, i-CPU yazisa idilesi kubo bonke ukuba izixhobo ze-Input-Output ezikumgca wedilesi. Ngoku bonke abalawuli be-input-output baphulaphule idilesi yabo, umlawuli we-hard drive uthi hayi idilesi yam, umlawuli we-floppy disk uthi hayi idilesi yam kodwa umlawuli webhodibhodi uthi eyam, ndiya kuphendula. Ke, yindlela ikhibhodi ephela ngayo isebenzisana neprosesa xa isitshixo sicinezelwa. Enye indlela yokucinga malunga nendlela yokusebenza yimigca yedilesi ye-Input-Output kwibhasi esebenza njengomgca wepati yefowuni endala - Zonke izixhobo ziva iidilesi kodwa inye kuphela ephendulayo ekugqibeleni.
Omnye umthombo wenkqubo osetyenziswa yihardware kunye nesoftware yi Ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiMemori (DMA) umjelo. Le yindlela enqumlayo evumela isixhobo segalelo-imveliso sithumele idatha ngokuthe ngqo kwinkumbulo sigqitha i-CPU ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye izixhobo ezinjengomshicileli ziyilelwe ukusebenzisa amajelo e-DMA kwaye ezinye njengemouse azikho. Iziteshi ze-DMA azidumanga njengokuba zazinjalo ngenxa yokuba uyilo lwazo luzenza zicothe kakhulu kuneendlela ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezicothayo ezifana neefloppy drives, amakhadi esandi, kunye neeteyiphu zokuqhuba zisenokusebenzisa amajelo e-DMA.
Ke ngokusisiseko izixhobo zehardware zibiza i-CPU ukuba iqwalaselwe kusetyenziswa iZicelo eziPhazamisayo. Isoftware ifowunela ihardware ngedilesi yegalelo-yemveliso yesixhobo sehardware. Isoftware ijonga imemori njengesixhobo sehardware kwaye iyibize ngedilesi yememori. Amajelo e-DMA adlulisa idatha ngapha nangapha phakathi kwezixhobo zehardware kunye nememori.
eCetyisiweyo: Iingcebiso ezili-11 zokuphucula ukusebenza kweWindows 10 okucothayo
Ke, yindlela i-hardware enxibelelana ngayo nesoftware ukwaba nokulawula izixhobo zenkqubo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ziziphi iimpazamo ezinokuthi zenzeke kwiZibonelelo zeNkqubo?
Iimpazamo zemithombo yenkqubo, zezona zimbi. Umzuzu omnye sisebenzisa ikhomputha yonke into ihamba kakuhle konke okufunekayo yinkqubo enye elambileyo, cofa kabini loo icon kwaye uthi ndlelantle kwinkqubo esebenzayo. Kodwa kutheni le nto, nangona kunjalo, udweliso lwenkqubo olubi lunokwenzeka kodwa luye lukhohlise ngakumbi kuba oku kuyenzeka nakwiinkqubo zokusebenza zangoku. Nayiphi na inkqubo ephunyezwayo kufuneka yazise isixokelelwano esisebenzayo ukuba singakanani na isixa sezibonelelo esinokusifuna ukuze siqhube kwaye sichaze ukuba sinokufuna ixesha elingakanani eso sixhobo. Ngamanye amaxesha, oko kusenokungenzeki ngenxa yobume benkqubo eqhutywayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi ukuvuza kwenkumbulo . Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo imele ukubuyisela imemori okanye inkqubo yesixhobo eceliwe ngaphambili.
Kwaye xa ingenzeki sinokubona iimpazamo ezinje:
- Ikhompyuter yakho inenkumbulo encinci
- Inkqubo iphantsi ngokuyingozi kwizibonelelo
- Imithombo yenkqubo engonelanga ikhona ukuze igqibezele inkonzo eceliweyo
Kunye nokuninzi.
Singazilungisa njani iimpazamo zoMthombo weNkqubo?
Udibaniso lwamaqhosha ama-3 omlingo 'Alt' + 'Del' + 'Ctrl', oku kufanele ukuba kube sistaple kuye nabani na ojongene nenkqubo yokukhenkceza rhoqo. Ukucofa oku kusikhokelela ngqo kuMphathi woMsebenzi. Oku kusivumela ukuba sijonge zonke izixhobo zenkqubo ezisetyenziswa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo.
Rhoqo kunokuba sizokwazi ukufumana ngesiqhelo ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo okanye inkqubo etya inkumbulo eninzi okanye yenza isixa esikhulu sedisk efundwayo kwaye ibhale. Ekufumaneni oku ngempumelelo siza kukwazi o ukuthatha umva inkqubo yesixhobo esilahlekileyo ngokuphelisa inkqubo eyingxaki ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokukhupha inkqubo. Ukuba ayiyo nayiphi na inkqubo kuya kuba luncedo kuthi ukuba siye kugqogqa kwicandelo leenkonzo zomphathi womsebenzi oza kutyhila ukuba yeyiphi inkonzo edlayo okanye ethatha izibonelelo ngokuthe cwaka ngasemva ngoko ke siphanga esi sixhobo sinqongopheleyo senkqubo.
Kukho iinkonzo eziqala xa inkqubo yokusebenza iqala ezi zibizwa iinkqubo zokuqalisa , singazifumana kwicandelo lokuqalisa lomphathi womsebenzi. Ubuhle beli candelo kukuba akufuneki senze ukukhangela ngesandla kuzo zonke iinkonzo ezilambele ubutyebi. Endaweni yoko, eli candelo libonisa ngokulula inkqubo enefuthe kwiinkonzo ngoqalo lwempembelelo yokukala. Ke, ngokusebenzisa oku sinokubona ukuba zeziphi iinkonzo ezifanele ukukhubaza.
La manyathelo angasentla aya kunceda ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ikhompyuter ayiqini ngokupheleleyo okanye isicelo esithile sikhenkcezisiwe. Kuthekani ukuba yonke inkqubo ingumkhenkce ngokupheleleyo? Apha siyakunikwa ngaphandle kwezinye iinketho akukho nalinye kwizitshixo ezisebenzayo njengoko yonke inkqubo yokusebenza ingumkhenkce ngenxa yokungafumaneki kovimba ofunekayo wokuba isebenze kodwa iphinde iqalise ikhompyutha. Oku kufuneka kulungise umba wokukhenkceza ukuba ubangelwe kukungaziphathi kakuhle okanye ukungahambelani kwesicelo. Xa sifumanisa ukuba loluphi usetyenziso olubangele oku singaqhubela phambili kwaye sikhuphe usetyenziso oluyingxaki.
Kukho amaxesha apho nala manyathelo angasentla akayi kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba inkqubo igcina ukuxhoma ngaphandle kwenkqubo echazwe ngasentla. Amathuba kukuba inokuba ngumba onxulumene nehardware. Ngokukodwa, kunokuba ngumba othile kunye ne Inkumbulo yoFikelelo ngokuNgaqhelekiyo (RAM) kulo mzekelo, kuya kufuneka ukufikelela RAM slot kwi motherboard yenkqubo. Ukuba kukho iimodyuli ezimbini ze-RAM, sinokuzama ukuqhuba inkqubo nge-RAM enye nganye kwezi zimbini, ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi i-RAM ephosakeleyo. Ukuba kukho nawuphi na umba ofunyenweyo nge-RAM, ukubuyisela i-RAM engalunganga kuya kugqiba ukusombulula umba wokukhenkceza obangelwa zizixhobo zokusebenza zenkqubo ephantsi.
Ukuqukumbela
Ngale nto, siyathemba ukuba uyayiqonda into yokuba yintoni inkqubo yenkqubo, zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zenkqubo ezikhoyo kuso nasiphi na isixhobo sekhompyuter, luhlobo luni lweempazamo esinokuzifumana kwimisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla yekhompyuter, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo esinokuzifumana. zithathele ukulungisa imiba yemithombo yenkqubo ephantsi ngempumelelo.
Aditya Farrad U-Aditya yingcaphephe yetekhnoloji yolwazi ozikhuthazayo kwaye ebengumbhali wetekhnoloji kule minyaka isi-7 idlulileyo. Ugubungela iinkonzo ze-Intanethi, iselfowuni, iWindows, isoftware, kunye nezikhokelo zeNjani.