Yintoni iRouter kwaye isebenza njani?

Ngaba usiqaphele isantya sokwanda kwe-intanethi yakho xa uqhagamshelwe kwi-Wi-Fi echasene nathi sisebenzisa nje eqhelekileyo Inethiwekhi ye-4G ? Ewe, kufuneka ubulele i-Wi-Fi router ngaloo nto, yenza ukuba amava ethu okukhangela angabinamthungo. Kuxhomekeka ukuba uhlala kweliphi ilizwe, umahluko wesantya unokuba kabini ukuba awukho ngaphezulu. Siphila kwixesha apho isantya se-intanethi sinyuke kakhulu kangangokuba ngoku silinganisa isantya sethu se-intanethi kwi-Gigabits ngokuchasene neekhilobhi kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Kungokwemvelo ukuba silindele uphuculo kwizixhobo zethu ezingenazingcingo kunye nokufika kobugcisa obutsha obunomdla obuvela kwimarike engenazingcingo.

Imixholo[ fihla ]

• Yintoni iWi-Fi Router?
• Ziziphi iingenelo zeRouter?
• Yeyiphi imisebenzi yeRouter?
• Isebenza njani iRouting?
• Ii-Wi-Fi Routers
• Yintoni eyahlukileyo nge-Wi-Fi 6 ngaphezu kweyandulelayo?
• Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwizixhobo zam ezindala ze-WI-FI?

Yintoni iWi-Fi Router?

Ngamagama alula, i-Wi-Fi router ayiyonto ngaphandle kwebhokisi encinci eneeriyali ezimfutshane ezinceda ukuhambisa i-intanethi kwindlu yakho yonke okanye iofisi.

I-router sisixhobo se-hardware esisebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwemodem kunye nekhompyuter. Njengoko igama libonisa, ihambisa itrafikhi phakathi kwezixhobo ozisebenzisayo kunye ne-intanethi. Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-router ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni amava e-intanethi akhawulezayo, ukukhuselwa kwizisongelo ze-cyber, i-firewalls, njl.

Kulungile ukuba awunalo ulwazi lobuchwephesha malunga nendlela i-router esebenza ngayo. Masiqonde kumzekelo olula wendlela i-router esebenza ngayo.

Unokuba nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngee-smartphones, iilaptops, iitafile, iiprinta, iiTV ezihlakaniphile, kunye nokunye okuninzi okuqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi. Ezi zixhobo kunye zenza uthungelwano olubizwa ngokuba yi Uthungelwano lweNdawo yeNgingqi (KUNYE). Ubukho bezixhobo ezininzi nangaphezulu kwi KUNYE Iziphumo kusetyenziso lwee-bandwidths ezahlukeneyo kuzo zonke izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezinokuthi zibangele ukulibaziseka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwe-intanethi kwezinye izixhobo.

Kulapho i-router ingena khona ngokuvumela ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kuzo zonke ezi zixhobo ngokungenamthungo ngokwalathisa itrafikhi engenayo nephumayo eyona ndlela isebenzayo.

Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yerouter kukusebenza njenge Hub okanye Tshintsha phakathi kweekhompyuter ezivumela ukwenziwa kwedatha kunye nokudluliselwa phakathi kwazo ukuba kwenzeke ngaphandle komthungo.

Ukucwangcisa zonke ezi zixa zikhulu zedatha engenayo kunye nephumayo, i-router kufuneka ibe smart, kwaye ngoko i-router yikhompyuter ngendlela yayo kuba inesixhobo. CPU kunye neMemori, enceda ukujongana nedatha engenayo & ephumayo.

Umzila oqhelekileyo wenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enzima njenge

1. Ukubonelela ngelona nqanaba liphezulu lokhuseleko ukusuka kwi-firewall
2. Ugqithiso lwedatha phakathi kweekhompyutha okanye izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezisebenzisa uqhagamshelwano lwe-intanethi olufanayo
3. Vumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kuzo zonke izixhobo ezininzi ngaxeshanye

Ziziphi iingenelo zeRouter?

1. Ihambisa imiqondiso ye-wifi ngokukhawuleza

Iirutha zeWi-Fi zale mihla zisebenzisa umaleko we-3 izixhobo eziqhele ukuba noluhlu lwe-2.4 GHz ukuya kwi-5 GHz ezinceda ekuboneleleni ngemiqondiso ye-Wi-Fi ekhawulezayo kunye noluhlu olwandisiweyo kunemigangatho yangaphambili.

2. Ukuthembeka

I-router ihlukanisa inethiwekhi echaphazelekayo kwaye idlula idatha kwamanye amanethiwekhi asebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, okwenza kube ngumthombo othembekileyo.

3. Ukuphatheka

I-router engenazintambo iphelisa imfuno yoxhulumaniso lweengcingo kunye nezixhobo ngokuthumela iimpawu ze-Wi-Fi, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa iqondo eliphezulu lokuphatheka kwenethiwekhi yezixhobo ezixhunyiwe.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeerotha:

a) Umzila weentambo: Idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwiikhomputha usebenzisa iintambo ngokusebenzisa i-port ezinikeleyo evumela ukuba i-router isasaze ulwazi

b) Indlela engenazingcingo: Yindlela yale mihla ehambisa ulwazi ngee-eriyali ngaphandle kwamacingo kuzo zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yendawo yendawo.

Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwe-router, kufuneka siqale sijonge amacandelo. Amacandelo asisiseko e-router abandakanya:

ICPU:Ingumlawuli oyintloko we-router eyenza imiyalelo yenkqubo yokusebenza ye-router. Ikwanceda ekuqalisweni kwenkqubo, ulawulo lojongano lwenethiwekhi, njl. I-ROM:Inkumbulo yokufunda-kuphela iqulathe inkqubo ye-bootstrap & Amandla kwiinkqubo zoxilongo (POST) I-RAM:Imemori yofikelelo olungakhethiyo igcina iitafile zomzila kunye neefayile zoqwalaselo ezisebenzayo. Imixholo ye i-ram cima xa uvula nokucima irouter. I-NVRAM:I-RAM engaguquguqukiyo ibambe ifayile yoqwalaselo yokuqalisa. Ngokungafaniyo ne-RAM igcina umxholo nasemva kokuba i-router ivuliwe kwaye icinyiwe Inkumbulo yeFlash:Igcina imifanekiso yenkqubo yokusebenza kwaye isebenza njengento enokuphinda ihlelwe I-ROM. Ujongano Lwenethiwekhi:Ujongano ngamazibuko onxibelelwano ngokwasemzimbeni enza ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentambo ziqhagamshelwe kwi-router njenge-ethernet, IFayibha isasazwe ujongano lweDatha (FDDI), iinkonzo ezihlanganisiweyo zenethiwekhi yedijithali (ISDN), njl. Iibhasi:Ibhasi isebenza njengebhuloho yokunxibelelana phakathi kwe-CPU kunye ne-interface, enceda ekudluliseleni iipakethi zedatha.

Yeyiphi imisebenzi yeRouter?

Indlela

Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yerouter kukudlulisa iipakethi zedatha ngendlela echazwe kwitheyibhile yomzila.

Isebenzisa izikhokelo ezithile zangaphakathi ezicwangciswe kwangaphambili ezibizwa ngokuba ziindlela ezimileyo zokuhambisa idatha phakathi konxibelelwano olungenayo noluphumayo.

I-router ingaphinda isebenzise umzila oguquguqukayo apho uhambisa iipakethi zedatha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.

Indlela engatshintshiyo ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluthe kratya kwinkqubo xa kuthelekiswa noguquguqukayo kuba itheyibhile yokubonisa ayitshintshi ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzisi uyitshintsha ngesandla.

eCetyisiweyo: Lungisa i-Wireless Router iGcina Ukuqhawula okanye Ukulahla

Ukumiselwa kwendlela

Iirotha zithathela ingqalelo iindlela ezininzi zokufikelela kwindawo enye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuzimisela kwendlela. Imiba emibini ephambili eqwalaselwayo ekumiselweni kwendlela zezi:

• Umthombo wolwazi okanye itheyibhile yomzila
• Iindleko zokuthatha indlela nganye - imetric

Ukumisela indlela efanelekileyo, i-router ikhangela itafile yomzila kwidilesi yenethiwekhi ehambelana ngokupheleleyo nedilesi ye-IP yepakethi yendawo.

Iitafile zomzila

Itheyibhile yomzila inomaleko wobukrelekrele benethiwekhi elawula i-router ukudlulisa iipakethi zedatha kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Iqulethe imibutho yothungelwano olunceda i-router ukufikelela kwidilesi ye-IP yendawo yokuya ngeyona ndlela ingcono. Itheyibhile yomzila iqulethe ulwazi olulandelayo:

1. I-ID yothungelwano-Idilesi ye-IP yendawo yokufikela
2. I-Metric - indlela apho ipakethi yedatha kufuneka ithunyelwe.
3. IHop – lisango apho iipakethi zedatha kufuneka zithunyelwe ukuze zifike kwindawo yokugqibela.

Ukhuseleko

I-router inika uluhlu olongezelelweyo lokhuseleko kwinethiwekhi usebenzisa i-firewall ekhusela naluphi na uhlobo lwe-cybercrime okanye i-hacking. I-firewall yisoftware ekhethekileyo ehlalutya idatha engenayo evela kwiipakethi kwaye ikhusela inethiwekhi kuhlaselo lwe-cyber.

Ii-router nazo zibonelela INethiwekhi yaBucala eNgqongileyo (VPN) ebonelela umaleko wokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kumsebenzi wothungelwano kwaye ngokwenza oko uvelise uqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo.

Ugqithiso lwetafile

Ukudlulisela phambili yeyona nkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweepakethe zedatha kumanqanaba. Itheyibhile yokukhokela inceda ukukhetha eyona ndlela ingcono ngelixa itheyibhile yokudlulisela ibeka indlela esenzweni.

Isebenza njani iRouting?

1. I-router ifunda idilesi ye-IP yendawo yepakethi yedatha engenayo
2. Ngokusekelwe kule pakethi yedatha engenayo, ikhetha indlela efanelekileyo isebenzisa iitafile zomzila.
3. Iipakethi zedatha zithunyelwa kwidilesi yokugqibela ye-IP nge-hops kusetyenziswa itafile yokuthumela.

Ngamagama alula, umzila yinkqubo yokuthumela iipakethi zedatha ukusuka kwindawo A ukuya kwindawo B usebenzisa ulwazi olufunekayo ngeyona ndlela iphezulu.

Tshintsha

Ukutshintsha kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwabelaneni ngolwazi kuzo zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye. Utshintsho lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuthungelwano olukhulu apho zonke izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zenza iNethiwekhi yeNdawo yeNgingqi (LAN). Ngokungafaniyo ne-router, umtshintshi uthumela iipakethi zedatha kuphela kwisixhobo esithile esilungiselelwe ngumsebenzisi.

Sinokuqonda ngakumbi ngomzekelo omncinci:

Masithi ufuna ukuthumela ifoto kumhlobo wakho kuWhatsApp. Nje ukuba uthumele umfanekiso womhlobo wakho, umthombo kunye nedilesi ye-IP imisiwe, kwaye ifoto iqhekezwe ibe ngamasuntswana amancinci abizwa ngokuba ziipakethi zedatha ekufuneka zithunyelwe kwindawo yokugqibela.

I-router inceda ekufumaneni indlela efanelekileyo yokudlulisa ezi pakethi zedatha kwidilesi ye-IP yendawo ekuyiyo usebenzisa i-algorithms yokuhambisa kunye nokulawula i-traffic kwinethiwekhi. Ukuba indlela enye ixinana, i-router ifumana zonke ezinye iindlela ezinokuthi zihambise iipakethi kwidilesi ye-IP yendawo.

Ii-Wi-Fi Routers

Namhlanje, singqongwe iindawo ezininzi zokufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi kunalo naliphi na ixesha kwimbali, zonke zitsala nzima ukunika izixhobo ezilambele idatha.

Zininzi iisignali ze-Wi-Fi, zomelele kwaye zibuthathaka ngokufanayo kangangokuba ukuba besinendlela eyodwa yokuyibona, bekuya kubakho ungcoliseko oluninzi lwendawo yomoya.

Ngoku, xa singena kuxinaniso oluphezulu & nemfuno ephezulu yeendawo ezifana nezikhululo zeenqwelomoya, iivenkile zekofu, imisitho, njl.njl. ukuxinana kwabasebenzisi abaninzi abanezixhobo ezingenazingcingo kuyenyuka. Okukhona abantu bezama ukungena kwi-intanethi, kokukhona isixa esingakumbi soxinzelelo indawo yofikelelo idlulayo ukuze incede ukwanda kwemfuno. Oku kunciphisa i-bandwidth ekhoyo kumsebenzisi ngamnye kwaye kunciphisa isantya kakhulu, kubangele imiba ye-latency.

I 802.11 usapho lwe-Wi-Fi isukela ngo-1997 kwaye lonke uhlaziyo lophuculo lokusebenza kwi-Wi-Fi ukusukela ngoko lwenziwe kwiindawo ezintathu, eziye zasetyenziswa njengemetric ukugcina umkhondo wophuculo ngokunjalo kwaye

• ukumodareyitha
• imisinga yendawo
• ukudibanisa umjelo

Uhlengahlengiso yinkqubo yokubumba iliza le-analog ukuthumela idatha, njengayo nayiphi na ingoma evakalayo eyehla inyuka ide ifike ezindlebeni zethu (umamkeli). Eli liza lithile lichazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo apho i-amplitude kunye nesigaba zilungiswa khona ukubonisa amasuntswana olwazi olulodwa kwithagethi. Ke, ukomelela okuphindaphindayo, kokukhona uqhagamshelo lungcono, kodwa njengesandi, kuninzi kuphela esinokukwenza ukunyusa ivolumu ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izandi zimiqondiso yerediyo kwimeko yethu, umgangatho uhlupheka.

Imijelo yendawo kufana nokuba nemisinga yamanzi emininzi ephuma kumthombo omnye womlambo. Umthombo womlambo unokuba namandla kakhulu, kodwa umlambo omnye awukwazi ukuthwala umthamo ophezulu kangako wamanzi, ngoko ke uyahlulwa ube yimijelo emininzi ukufikelela kwinjongo yokugqibela yokuhlangana kwindawo yolondolozo.

I-Wi-Fi ikwenza oku isebenzisa ii-eriyali ezininzi apho imisinga emininzi yedatha isebenzisana nesixhobo ekujoliswe kuso ngaxeshanye, oku kwaziwa ngokuba I-MIMO (Iigalelo kaNinzi-Iziphumo ezininzi)

Xa olu nxibelelwano lusenzeka phakathi kweethagethi ezininzi, kwaziwa ngokuba ngabasebenzisi abaninzi (MU-MIMO), kodwa nantsi into yokubambisa, ekujoliswe kuko kufuneka kube kude ngokwaneleyo omnye komnye.

Ngalo naliphi na ixesha uthungelwano lusebenza kwisitishi esinye, Ukudibanisa umjelo asiyonto ngaphandle kokudibanisa izahlulo ezincinci zefrikhwensi ethile ukunyusa amandla phakathi kwezixhobo ekujoliswe kuzo. I-wireless Spectrum ilinganiselwe kakhulu kwiifrikhwensi ezithile kunye namajelo. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwezixhobo zisebenza kwi-frequency efanayo, ngoko ke nokuba sinyusa ikhonkco lesitishi, kuya kubakho ezinye iziphazamiso zangaphandle ezinokuthoba umgangatho wesiginali.

Kwakhona Funda: Uyifumana njani idilesi yeIP yeRouter yam?

Yintoni eyahlukileyo nge-Wi-Fi 6 ngaphezu kweyandulelayo?

Ngamafutshane kuye kwaphuculwa kwisantya, ukuthembeka, uzinzo, inani loqhagamshelo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Ukuba singena nzulu kuyo, siqala ukuqaphela ukuba yintoni eyenza I-Wi-Fi 6 Isebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ukongezwa kwe-4th metric Airtime Efficiency . Ngalo lonke eli xesha, asiphumelelanga ukunika ingxelo malunga nesixhobo esilinganiselweyo sokuba ngamaza angenazingcingo. Ke, izixhobo ziya kuzalisa amajelo amaninzi okanye amaxesha amaninzi kunoko kufunwayo kwaye ziqhagamshelwe ixesha elide kunoko kufuneka, ngamagama alula, ubumdaka obungasebenziyo.

Wi-Fi 6 (802.11 ax) iprotocol ilungisa lo mba nge I-OFDMA (i-Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) apho ugqithiso lwedatha luphuculwe kwaye ludityanisiwe ukuze kusetyenziswe kuphela isixa esifunekayo sobutyebi obuceliweyo. Oku kwabelwa kwaye kulawulwe yi-Access Point ukunikezela ngethagethi eceliweyo yomthwalo wedatha kwaye isebenzisa i-Downlink kunye ne-Uplink MU-MIMO (abasebenzisi abaninzi, amagalelo amaninzi, iziphumo ezininzi) ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi kwezixhobo. Ukusebenzisa i-OFDMA, izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi zinokuthumela kwaye zifumane iipakethi zedatha kwinethiwekhi yendawo ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ngokuhambelana.

Ugqithiso olunxuseneyo lwedatha luphucula ukugqithiselwa kwedatha kuwo wonke umsebenzi wothungelwano ngendlela encomekayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukuhla kwezantya zokuthoba ezikhoyo.

Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwizixhobo zam ezindala ze-WI-FI?

Lo ngumgangatho omtsha we-Wi-Fi osekwe yi-International Wi-Fi Alliance ngoSeptemba 2019. I-Wi-Fi 6 ibuyela ngasemva iyahambelana, kodwa kukho utshintsho oluthile lwe-cosmetic.

Inethiwekhi nganye esiqhagamsheleka kuyo ibaleka ngesantya esahlukileyo, i-latency, kunye ne-bandwidth echazwe ngonobumba othile emva koko 802.11, njenge-802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n kunye ne-802.11ac nto leyo eye yaphambanisa nabalungileyo kuthi.

Konke oku kubhideka kuye kwagqitywa nge-Wi-Fi 6, kwaye umfelandawonye we-Wi-Fi watshintsha indibano yamagama ngale. Yonke inguqulelo ye-Wi-Fi phambi koku iya kubalwa phakathi kwe-Wi-Fi 1-5 ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuthetha.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuyiqonda kakuhle imisebenzi yerutha kusinceda ukuba sikhangele kwaye sisombulule imiba eyahlukeneyo esinokujongana nayo ngeerotha zethu kunye neerotha zeWi-Fi. Sigxininise kakhulu kwi-Wi-Fi 6, njengoko ibuchwephesha obutsha obuvelayo obungenazingcingo ekufuneka sihambisane nabo. I-Wi-Fi iza kuphazamisa kungekuphela nje izixhobo zethu zonxibelelwano kodwa nezinto zethu zemihla ngemihla ezifana neefriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, iimoto, njl. iitafile, ugqithiso, iiswitshi, iindawo eziziihabhu, njl.njl. iseyeyona mbono ibalulekileyo yokuqhubela phambili kophuhliso oluchulumancisayo oluza kutshintsha ubomi bethu ngokupheleleyo.

U-Aditya yingcaphephe yetekhnoloji yolwazi ozikhuthazayo kwaye ebengumbhali wetekhnoloji kule minyaka isi-7 idlulileyo. Ugubungela iinkonzo ze-Intanethi, iselfowuni, iWindows, isoftware, kunye nezikhokelo zeNjani.