Inkqubo yokusebenza, ezinye iinkqubo zesicelo kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zehardware zonke zakhiwe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo abantu. Ke ngoko, ngokungagqibekanga, i-OS kunye nezinye iinkqubo azikwazi ukunxibelelana nezixhobo zehardware. Apha kulapho umqhubi wesixhobo engena khona. Yinxalenye yesoftware esebenza njengomguquleli phakathi kweenkqubo zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zehardware. Umsebenzi womqhubi wesixhobo kukuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zehardware ezincanyathiselwe kwinkqubo. Umqhubi womshicileli uxelela i-OS indlela yokushicilela ulwazi olukhethiweyo kwiphepha. Ukuze i-OS iguqulele amasuntswana kwifayile yomsindo kwimveliso efanelekileyo, umqhubi wekhadi lesandi uyimfuneko. Ngokunje, abaqhubi besixhobo bakhona kwisixhobo ngasinye sehardware esiqhagamshelwe kwindlela yakho.
Imixholo[ fihla ]
- Yintoni umqhubi wesixhobo?
- Basebenza njani abaqhubi besixhobo?
- Abaqhubi besixhobo esibonakalayo
- Usetyenziswa phi umqhubi wesixhobo senyani?
- Ngaba zonke izixhobo zifuna abaqhubi?
- Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awumfakanga umqhubi?
- Iindidi zabaqhubi besixhobo
- Ezinye iintlobo zomqhubi wesixhobo
- Ukulawula abaqhubi besixhobo
Yintoni umqhubi wesixhobo?
I-OS ayifuni ukwazi iinkcukacha emva kokusebenza kwe-hardware. Usebenzisa umqhubi wesixhobo, ujongana kuphela nelo siqwenga sehardware. Ukuba umqhubi wesixhobo esihambelanayo akafakwanga, akukho nxibelelwano lonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-OS kunye ne-hardware. Isixhobo esinjalo sisenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Umqhubi wesixhobo kunye nesixhobo se-hardware esihambelanayo sinxibelelana ngebhasi yekhompyuter apho isixhobo siqhagamshelwe. Abaqhubi besixhobo bayahluka kwinkqubo nganye yokusebenza kwaye baxhomekeke kwihardware. Umqhubi wesixhobo ukwabizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi wesoftware okanye nje ngumqhubi.
Basebenza njani abaqhubi besixhobo?
Isixhobo sehardware sifuna ukunxibelelana nenkqubo kwindlela yakho. Unokucinga ngale meko njengamaqumrhu amabini athetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kufuneka umguquleli. Umqhubi wesixhobo udlala indima yomguquli apha. Isoftware inika umqhubi ulwazi oluchaza ukuba yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe yihardware. Umqhubi wesixhobo usebenzisa ulwazi ukufumana umqhubi ukuba enze umsebenzi.
Umqhubi wesixhobo uguqulela imiyalelo yenkqubo yesoftware/i-OS kulwimi oluqondwa sisixhobo sehardware. Ukuze inkqubo isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ube nazo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko zabaqhubi. Xa uvula inkqubo yakho, i-OS inxibelelana nabaqhubi besixhobo kunye ne BIOS ukwenza isigqibo malunga nokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yehardware.
Ukuba akunjalo kumqhubi wesixhobo, mhlawumbi bekungayi kubakho ndlela yokuba inkqubo yokunxibelelana nezixhobo okanye iinkqubo zesoftware kuya kufuneka yazi indlela yokujongana ngqo nehardware (ngokunikwa uluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo kunye nesixhobo sehardware esinaso namhlanje, oku. kuya kuba nzima). Akunakwenzeka ukwakha isoftware enekhono lokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zehardware. Ke, abaqhubi besixhobo ngabatshintshi bemidlalo.
Zombini - izixhobo zehardware kunye neenkqubo zesoftware zixhomekeke kubaqhubi besixhobo ukuze zisebenze kakuhle. Iinkqubo zihlala zisebenzisa imiyalelo ngokubanzi ukufikelela kwizixhobo. Umqhubi wesixhobo uyiguqulela le miyalelo ibe yimiyalelo ekhethekileyo eqondwa sisixhobo.
Abaqhubi besixhobo bahlala beza njengezinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwi-OS. Zibonelelwa ngumenzi. Ukuba i-hardware okanye inxalenye yesoftware itshintshwe okanye ihlaziywa, ezi zixhobo ziqhuba zingenziwa zingasebenzi.
Abaqhubi besixhobo esibonakalayo
Umqhubi wesixhobo esibonakalayo licandelo lomqhubi wesixhobo esinceda isixhobo se-hardware ukuseka unxibelelwano kunye ne-OS okanye inkqubo. Bangabaqhubi bezixhobo ezibonakalayo. Abaqhubi besixhobo esibonakalayo banceda ukuhamba kakuhle kwedatha. Usetyenziso oluninzi lunokufikelela kwisixhobo esithile sehardware ngaphandle kongquzulwano. Xa umqhubi wesixhobo esinenyani efumana isignali yokuphazamiseka kwisixhobo sehardware, simisela ikhondo elilandelayo lesenzo ngokusekwe kwisimo soseto lwesixhobo.
Usetyenziswa phi umqhubi wesixhobo senyani?
Xa sisebenzisa isoftware ukulinganisa isixhobo sehardware, umqhubi wesixhobo senyani usetyenziswa kwisixhobo esinjalo. Umzekelo ofanelekileyo uya kuba usebenzisa a VPN . Wenza ikhadi lenethiwekhi yenyani ukuze ukwazi ukuqhagamshela ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi. Eli likhadi lenethiwekhi yenyani eyenziwe yiVPN. Umqhubi ofanelekileyo uyafuneka kweli khadi elihlala lifakwe yiVPN software ngokwayo.
Ngaba zonke izixhobo zifuna abaqhubi?
Ukuba isixhobo sifuna umqhubi okanye hayi kuxhomekeke ekubeni isixokelelwano sakho sokusebenza siyasazi na isixhobo sehardware kunye neempawu zaso. Ezinye iiperipherals ezingaziwayo kwisixokelelwano sokusebenza kwaye zifuna umqhubi zi – ikhadi levidiyo, isixhobo se-USB, ikhadi lesandi, iskena, umshicileli, imodem yesilawuli, ikhadi lenethiwekhi, isifundi sekhadi njl.njl… ukusebenza kwinqanaba elisisiseko. Kwakhona, imeko kukuba i-OS kufuneka iqaphele iimpawu zesixhobo. Ezinye izixhobo ezinokusebenza nabaqhubi begeneric zezi – RAM, ibhodi yezitshixo, imowusi, izithethi, imonitha, ihard drive, idisk drive, iCPU, unikezelo lwamandla, ijoystick njl… rhoqo njengoko abaqhubi bebonelelwe ngumenzi wehardware.
Kwakhona Funda: Yintoni ifayile yeKhompyutha?
Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awumfakanga umqhubi?
Ukuba awufakelanga umqhubi kwisixhobo, isixhobo sisenokungasebenzi kwaphela okanye sisebenze ngokuyinxenye kuphela. Umzekelo, izixhobo ezifana nemouse/ikhibhodi ziya kusebenza ngaphandle komqhubi. Kodwa ukuba imouse yakho inamaqhosha ongezelelweyo okanye ikhibhodi yakho inezitshixo ezikhethekileyo, ngoko ke ezo mpawu aziyi kusebenza. Ukuba ungumsebenzisi weWindows, unokufumana impazamo yokungqubana komqhubi kumphathi wesixhobo, ukuba unomqhubi olahlekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umenzi ukhulula uhlaziyo lomqhubi ukucima iimpazamo eziveliswe ngumqhubi. Ke ngoko, hlala unenguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yomqhubi wezixhobo zakho zehardware.
Umqhubi uya kusebenza kuphela ukuba unesixhobo esihambelanayo esifakwe kwindlela yakho. Ukuba uzama ukufaka umqhubi we-hardware engekho, ayiyi kwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukufaka umqhubi wekhadi levidiyo xa ungenayo ikhadi levidiyo kwinkqubo yakho akuyi kunika inkqubo yakho amandla okusebenza ngekhadi levidiyo. Kufuneka ube nazo zombini-isixhobo se-hardware kunye nomqhubi wesixhobo esihlaziyiweyo kuso.
Iindidi zabaqhubi besixhobo
Kukho umqhubi wesixhobo phantse zonke izixhobo zehardware ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje. Aba baqhubi banokuhlelwa ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezi-2 zilandelayo - abaqhubi besixhobo somsebenzisi kunye nabaqhubi besixhobo se-kernel
Abaqhubi besixhobo somsebenzisi
Aba ngabaqhubi besixhobo abathi umsebenzisi aqalise ngelixa esebenzisa inkqubo. Ezi zezixhobo umsebenzisi aqhagamshelene nayo kwinkqubo, ngaphandle kwezo ziphathelene ne isoftware yekernel . Isixhobo somqhubi weplagi kunye nezixhobo zokudlala zithathwa njengabaqhubi besixhobo somsebenzisi. Ukuphakamisa uxinzelelo kwimithombo yenkqubo, abaqhubi besixhobo somsebenzisi babhalwa kwidiski. Kodwa abaqhubi besixhobo sezixhobo zokudlala bahlala begcinwa kwimemori ephambili.
Kwakhona Funda: Yintoni iFayile ye-ISO?
Abaqhubi besixhobo se-Kernel
Abaqhubi beGeneric abakhoyo njengesoftware eyakhelweyo kunye ne-OS babizwa ngokuba ngabaqhubi besixhobo se-kernel. Balayisha kwimemori njengenxalenye ye-OS. Isalathiso esiya kumqhubi sigcinwa kwinkumbulo kwaye sinokubhengezwa nanini na sifunwa. Abaqhubi besixhobo se-Kernel zezezixhobo ezifana neprosesa, i-motherboard, i-BIOS, kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphathelele kwi-software ye-kernel.
Ngabaqhubi besixhobo se-kernel, kukho umba oqhelekileyo. Emva kokucelwa, umqhubi wesixhobo se-kernel ulayishwa kwi-RAM. Oku akunakususwa kwinkumbulo yenyani. Ukuba kukho abaqhubi bezixhobo ezininzi abasebenza ngaxeshanye, inkqubo iyacotha. Ukoyisa lo mba, i-OS nganye inobuncinane benkqubo efunekayo. Iisistim zokusebenza zidibanisa izixhobo ezifunwa ngabaqhubi besixhobo se-kernel. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi abanakukhathazeka malunga neemfuneko zememori.
Ezinye iintlobo zomqhubi wesixhobo
1. Abaqhubi beGeneric kunye ne-OEN
Ukuba umqhubi wesixhobo uyafumaneka kunye nesixokelelwano sokusebenza, oko kuthiwa ngumqhubi wesixhobo segeneric. Umqhubi wesixhobo segeneric usebenzela isixhobo esithile nokuba loluphi uphawu lwaso. Windows 10 inezixhobo zokuqhuba izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo izixhobo zehardware.
Ngamanye amaxesha, izixhobo zehardware zineempawu ezithile ezingenakubonwa yi-OS. Umenzi wesixhobo ubonelela ngomqhubi ohambelanayo wezixhobo ezinjalo. Ezi zibizwa abaqhubi isixhobo OEM. Ukuze izixhobo ezinjalo zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, abaqhubi kufuneka bafakwe ngokwahlukileyo emva kokufaka i-OS. Ngalo lonke ixesha iWindows XP yayisetyenziswa, kwanabaqhubi bebhodi yomama kwafuneka bafakwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, uninzi lweesistim zangoku zibonelela ngezixhobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokuqhuba izixhobo zegeneric.
2. Block kunye nabaqhubi umlinganiswa
Abaqhubi besixhobo banokuhlelwa njengabaqhubi bebhloko okanye abaqhubi abalinganiswa ngokusekelwe kwindlela idatha efundwa ngayo kwaye ibhalwe ngayo. Izixhobo ezinjengeediski ezinzima, iCD IiROM kunye ne-USB drives zihlelwa ngokusekelwe kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo.
Igama elithi umqhubi webhloko lisetyenziswa xa kufundwa okanye kubhalwe abalinganiswa abangaphezu kwesinye ngexesha. Ibhloko yenziwe, kwaye isixhobo sebhloko sizama ukubuyisa isixa solwazi oluhambelana nobungakanani bebhloko. Iidiski ezinzima kunye ne-CD ROMS zithathwa ukuba zithintele abaqhubi besixhobo.
Igama elithi umqhubi wesimilo lisetyenziswa xa idatha ibhalwa umlinganiswa omnye ngexesha. Abaqhubi bezixhobo zoonobumba basebenzisa iibhasi ezilandelelanayo. Nasiphi na isixhobo esidityaniswe kwizibuko lothotho linomqhubi weempawu. Umzekelo, imouse sisixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwizibuko lothotho. Isebenzisa umqhubi wesixhobo somlinganiswa.
Kwakhona Funda: Yintoni i-Wi-Fi 6 (802.11 ax)?
Ukulawula abaqhubi besixhobo
Bonke abaqhubi kwinkqubo yakho yeWindows balawulwa nguMlawuli wesiXhobo. Abaqhubi besixhobo abafuni ngqalelo enkulu emva kokufakwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, banohlaziyo lokulungisa i-bug okanye uhlaziyo olubonelela ngento entsha. Ke ngoko, luqheliselo olulungileyo ukujonga uhlaziyo lwabaqhubi kwaye ulufake (ukuba lukhona) kanye ngexesha elithile. Ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula, kukho iinkqubo eziya kukhangela kwaye zihlaziye abaqhubi besixhobo sakho.
Uhlaziyo lomqhubi olubonelelwa ngumenzi luhlala lufumaneka simahla kwiwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni. Qaphela ukuba ungahlawuleli uhlaziyo lomqhubi wesixhobo!
Ukuhlaziya abaqhubi bakho kubalulekile kuba, amaxesha amaninzi, imiba emininzi enesixhobo se-hardware inokulandelelwa umva kumcimbi kunye nomqhubi wesixhobo.
Isishwankathelo
- Umqhubi wesixhobo unceda i-OS kunye nezinye iinkqubo zijongana nezixhobo zehardware eziqhagamshelwe kwisixokelelwano
- Iinkqubo zokusebenza zanamhlanje zibonelela ngezixhobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iiperipherals
- Ukusebenzisa ezinye izixhobo zehardware, kufuneka ufakele abaqhubi besixhobo esihambelanayo ababonelelwe ngumenzi
- Ukugcina abaqhubi besixhobo sakho behlaziyiwe kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesixokelelwano.
- Umqhubi wesixhobo sangaphandle ufuneka kuphela kwezo zixhobo ezineempawu ezingaqatshelwanga yinkqubo yakho yokusebenza.
Aditya Farrad U-Aditya yingcaphephe yetekhnoloji yolwazi ozikhuthazayo kwaye ebengumbhali wetekhnoloji kule minyaka isi-7 idlulileyo. Ugubungela iinkonzo ze-Intanethi, iselfowuni, iWindows, isoftware, kunye nezikhokelo zeNjani.