Yintoni kanye kanye iNkqubo yeFayile? [ICACISIWE]

Zonke iifayile kwindlela yakho zigcinwe kwi-hard drive okanye ezinye izixhobo zokugcina. Inkqubo iyimfuneko yokugcina ezi fayile ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo. Yile nto iyenzayo inkqubo yefayile. Inkqubo yefayile yindlela yokwahlula idatha kwi-drive kwaye igcinwe njengeefayile ezahlukeneyo. Lonke ulwazi malunga nefayile - igama layo, uhlobo lwayo, iimvume kunye nezinye iimpawu zigcinwe kwisixokelelwano sefayile. Inkqubo yefayile igcina isalathisi sendawo yefayile nganye. Ngale ndlela, inkqubo yokusebenza ayinyanzelekanga ukuba inqumle idiski yonke ukufumana ifayile.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zefayile. Inkqubo yakho yokusebenza kunye nefayile yefayile kufuneka ihambelane. Kuphela ke i-OS iya kuba nako ukubonisa imixholo yefayile yefayile kwaye yenze eminye imisebenzi kwiifayile. Kungenjalo, awuzukwazi ukusebenzisa loo nkqubo yefayile ethile. Ulungiso olunye luya kuba kukufaka umqhubi wenkqubo yefayile ukuxhasa inkqubo yefayile.

Imixholo[ fihla ]

• Yintoni kanye kanye iNkqubo yeFayile?
• Kutheni kukho iindlela ezininzi zefayile
• Iinkqubo zefayile - imbono eneenkcukacha
• Iinkqubo zeefayile eziqhelekileyo
• 1. NTFS
• 2. AMAFUTHA
• Ngaba ungatshintsha phakathi kweenkqubo zefayile?

Yintoni kanye kanye inkqubo yeFayile?

Isixokelelwano sefayile asiyonto ngaphandle kwesiseko sedatha esixela indawo ebonakalayo yedatha kwisixhobo sokugcina. Iifayili zicwangciswe ngokweefolda ekukwabhekiselwa kuzo njengeefayili. Uvimba weefayili ngamnye unolawulo olusezantsi olunye okanye ngaphezulu olugcina iifayile ezidityaniswe ngokwemigaqo ethile.

Apho kukho idatha kwikhompyuter, kunyanzelekile ukuba ube nesixokelelwano sefayile. Ke, zonke iikhompyuter zinenkqubo yeefayile.

Kutheni kukho iindlela ezininzi zefayile

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zefayile. Ziyahluka kwimiba eyahlukeneyo efana nendlela abalungisa ngayo idatha, isantya, iimpawu ezongezelelweyo, njl ... Ezinye iisistim zefayile zifaneleke kakhulu kwiidrive ezigcina inani elincinci ledatha ngelixa ezinye zinamandla okuxhasa amanani amakhulu edatha. Ezinye iinkqubo zefayile zikhuselekile ngakumbi. Ukuba inkqubo yefayile ikhuselekile kwaye yomelele, isenokungabi yeyona ikhawulezayo. Kuya kuba nzima ukufumana zonke ezona mpawu zilungileyo kwinkqubo yefayile enye.

Ngoko ke, bekungayi kuba sengqiqweni ukufumana ‘inkqubo yeefayili igqwesileyo.’ Inkqubo nganye yeefayile yenzelwe injongo eyahlukileyo yaye ngaloo ndlela ineseti yeempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa uphuhlisa inkqubo yokusebenza, abaphuhlisi baphinda basebenze ekwakheni inkqubo yefayile ye-OS. IMicrosoft, iApple, kunye neLinux zinenkqubo yazo yeefayile. Kulula ukukala inkqubo entsha yefayile kwisixhobo esikhulu sokugcina. Iinkqubo zefayile ziyavela kwaye ke iisistim zefayile ezintsha zibonisa iimpawu ezingcono kunezindala.

Ukuyila inkqubo yefayile ayingomsebenzi olula. Uphando oluninzi kunye nomsebenzi wentloko uya kuwo. Inkqubo yefayile ichaza indlela imetadata egcinwa ngayo, indlela iifayile ezilungelelaniswe ngayo kwaye zifakwe kwisalathisi, kunye nokunye okuninzi. Zininzi iindlela enokwenziwa ngazo oku. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na inkqubo yefayile, kukho indawo yokuphucula - indlela engcono okanye efanelekileyo yokwenza imisebenzi ehambelana nokugcinwa kwefayile.

Kwakhona Funda: Ziziphi izixhobo zoLawulo kwi-Windows 10?

Iinkqubo zefayile - imbono eneenkcukacha

Ngoku masingene nzulu ukuze siqonde ukuba zisebenza njani iinkqubo zeefayile. Isixhobo sokugcina sahlulwe saziinxalenye ezibizwa ngokuba ngamacandelo. Zonke iifayile zigcinwe kula macandelo. Inkqubo yefayile ibona ubungakanani befayile kwaye iyibeke kwindawo efanelekileyo kwisixhobo sokugcina. Amacandelo asimahla abhalwe ‘ngasetyenziswanga.’ Inkqubo yeefayile ichonga amacandelo asimahla kwaye yabela iifayile kula macandelo.

Emva kwexesha elithile, xa imisebenzi emininzi yokufunda nokubhala yenziwe, isixhobo sokugcina sifumana inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-fragmentation. Oku akunakuphetshwa kodwa kufuneka kuhlolwe, ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. I-Defragmentation yinkqubo ebuyela umva, esetyenziselwa ukulungisa iingxaki ezibangelwa kukuqhekeka. Izixhobo zokuqhawula zasimahla ziyafumaneka ngokufanayo.

Ukulungelelanisa iifayile kubalawuli kunye neefolda kunceda ukuphelisa igama elingaqhelekanga. Ngaphandle kweefolda, akunakwenzeka ukuba neefayile ezi-2 ezinegama elifanayo. Ukukhangela kunye nokukhupha iifayile kwakhona kulula kwindawo ehleliweyo.

Inkqubo yefayile igcina ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nefayile - igama lefayile, ubungakanani befayile, indawo yefayile, ubungakanani becandelo, ulawulo olukuyo, iinkcukacha zamaqhekeza, njl.

Iinkqubo zeefayile eziqhelekileyo

1. NTFS

I-NTFS imele iNkqubo yeFayile yeTekhnoloji eNtsha. UMicrosoft wazisa inkqubo yeefayile ngonyaka ka-1993. Uninzi lweenguqulelo zeWindows OS – Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, kunye Windows 10 zisebenzisa NTFS.

Ukukhangela ukuba idrive ifomathwe njenge NTFS

Ngaphambi kokuseta inkqubo yefayile kwi-drive, kufuneka ifomathiwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulwahlulo lwe-drive lukhethiwe kwaye yonke idatha ekuyo iyacinywa ukuze inkqubo yefayile imiselwe. Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa onokuthi ujonge ngazo ukuba ngaba i-hard drive yakho isebenzisa i-NTFS okanye nayiphi na enye inkqubo yefayile.

• Ukuba uyavula 'Ulawulo lweDiski' kwi-Windows (ifunyenwe kwiPhaneli yoLawulo), unokufumanisa ukuba inkqubo yefayile ichaziwe ngeenkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nokuqhuba.
• Okanye, unokucofa ekunene kwi-drive ngqo kwiWindows Explorer. Yiya kwimenyu eyehlayo kwaye ukhethe ‘iipropathi.’ Uya kufumana uhlobo lwenkqubo yefayile ekhankanywe apho.

Iimpawu zeNTFS

I-NTFS iyakwazi ukuxhasa ii-hard drives zobukhulu obukhulu - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 EB. Iifayile zobukhulu ukuya kuma-256 TB zinokugcinwa.

Kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi I-NTFS yentengiselwano . Usetyenziso olwakhiweyo kusetyenziswa olu phawu lunokusilela ngokupheleleyo okanye luphumelele ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weenguqu ezithile zisebenza kakuhle ngelixa ezinye iinguqu zingasebenzi. Nayiphi na intengiselwano eyenziwa ngumphuhlisi i-atomic.

I-NTFS inophawu olubizwa ngokuba Umthamo weNkonzo yokuKhuphela kweShadow . I-OS kunye nezinye izixhobo zogcino lwesoftware zisebenzisa eli nqaku ukuxhasa iifayile ezisetyenziswayo ngoku.

I-NTFS inokuchazwa njengenkqubo yefayile yejenali. Ngaphambi kokuba utshintsho lwenkqubo lwenziwe, irekhodi layo lenziwa kwilogi. Kwimeko apho utshintsho olutsha lubangela ukusilela ngaphambi kokuzinikela, ilog yenza kube lula ukubuyela kwimeko yangaphambili.

I-EFS -INkqubo yeFayile yokuNcitshiswa yinto apho ufihlo lunikezelwa kwiifayile kunye neefolda.

Kwi-NTFS, umlawuli unelungelo lokuseta izabelo zosetyenziso lwediski. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzisi banokufikelela ngokulinganayo kwindawo yokugcina ekwabelwana ngayo kwaye akukho msebenzisi othatha indawo eninzi kakhulu kwi-network drive.

2. AMAFUTHA

FAT imele iFayile yoLwabiwo lweTheyibhile. IMicrosoft yenza inkqubo yefayile ngonyaka we-1977. FAT yasetyenziswa kwi-MS-DOS kunye nezinye iinguqulelo zakudala zeWindows OS. Namhlanje, i-NTFS yeyona ndlela iphambili yeefayile kwiWindows OS. Nangona kunjalo, i-FAT iseyinguqulo exhaswayo.

I-FAT iye yavela kunye nexesha, ukuxhasa ii-hard drives ezinobungakanani beefayile ezinkulu.

Iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeNkqubo yeFayile yeFAT

FAT12

Yaziswa ngo-1980, i-FAT12 yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-Microsoft Oss ukuya kuthi ga kwi-MS-DOS 4.0. Iidiski zefloppy zisasebenzisa iFAT12. Kwi-FAT12, amagama eefayile akanako ukudlula oonobumba abasi-8 ngelixa kulwandiso, umda unamagama ama-3. Iimpawu ezininzi zefayile ezibalulekileyo esizisebenzisayo namhlanje, zaziswa okokuqala kule nguqulo ye-FAT - ilebula yevolumu, efihliweyo, inkqubo, ukufunda kuphela.

FAT16

Itheyibhile ye-16-bit yeFayile yoLwabiwo yakhululwa okokuqala ngo-1984 kwaye yasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zeDOS ukuya kwinguqulo ye-6.22.

FAT32

Yaziswa ngo-1996, yinguqulelo yamva nje yeFAT. Inokuxhasa iidrive ze-2TB (kunye nokuya kuthi ga kwi-16 KB kunye namaqela angama-64 KB).

ExFAT

I-EXFAT imele iTheyibhile yoLwabiwo lweFayile eyaNdisiweyo. Kwakhona, eyenziwe nguMicrosoft kwaye yaziswa ngo-2006, oku akunakuthathwa njengenguqu elandelayo ye-FAT. Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo - iiflash drives, amakhadi e-SDHC, njalo njalo...Olu guqulelo lweFAT luxhaswa zizo zonke iinguqulelo zeWindows OS. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiifayile ze-2,796,202 ezinokugcinwa kwi-directory nganye kwaye amagama efayile anokuthwala ukuya kutsho kwii-255 oonobumba.

Ezinye iinkqubo zefayile ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zi

• HFS+
• Btrfs
• Tshintsha
• Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 (iinkqubo zeLinux)
• UDF
• GFS

Ngaba ungatshintsha phakathi kweenkqubo zefayile?

Isahlulo sedrayivu ifomathiwe ngenkqubo yefayile ethile. Ukuguqula isahlulelo kudidi olwahlukileyo lwesixokelelwano sefayili sinokwenzeka kodwa akucetyiswa. Kungcono ukhetho lokukhuphela idatha ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwisahlulelo kwisixhobo esahlukileyo.

eCetyisiweyo: Yintoni uMphathi weSixhobo?

Iimpawu ezithile ezinjengoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwefayile, izabelo zedisk, imvume yento, ucinezelo lwefayile, kunye nophawu lwefayile enesalathisi zifumaneka kuphela kwi NTFS. Ezi mpawu azixhaswanga kwi-FAT. Ngoko ke, ukutshintsha phakathi kweenkqubo zefayile ezifana nezi kubangela ingozi ethile. Ukuba ifayile efihliweyo evela kwi-NTFS ibekwe kwindawo efomathiweyo ye-FAT, ifayile ayisenalo uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo. Ilahlekelwa yimiqathango yayo yokufikelela kwaye inokufikelela kuye nabani na. Ngokufanayo, ifayile ecinezelweyo evela kumthamo we-NTFS iya kuthotywa ngokuzenzekelayo xa ibekwe kwivolumu efomathiweyo ye-FAT.

Isishwankathelo

• Inkqubo yefayile yindawo yokugcina iifayile kunye neempawu zefayile. Yindlela yokulungelelanisa iifayile zenkqubo. Oku kunceda i-OS kuphendlo lwefayile kunye nokufunyanwa.
• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zefayile. I-OS nganye inesixokelelwano sayo sefayile esiza ifakwe kwangaphambili kunye ne-OS.
• Ukutshintsha phakathi kweenkqubo zefayile kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu zenkqubo yefayile yangaphambili azixhaswanga kwinkqubo entsha, zonke iifayile zilahlekelwa yimpawu ezindala. Ngaloo ndlela, ayikhuthazwa.

U-Elon ungumbhali wezobugcisa kwi-Cyber ​​S. Ubhale indlela-izikhokelo malunga neminyaka eyi-6 ngoku kwaye uye wagubungela izihloko ezininzi. Uyakuthanda ukugubungela izihloko ezinxulumene neWindows, Android, kunye namaqhinga amva nje kunye neengcebiso.