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Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

Zama Isixhobo Sethu Sokuphelisa Iingxaki





Iposwe kwiIgqityelwe ukuvuselelwa: ngoFebruwari 17, 2021

Ngaba ukhe wadibana nolu hlobo lwesikrini esiluhlaza ngelixa usebenza kwikhompyuter yakho? Esi sikrini sibizwa ngokuba yiBlue Screen of Death (BSOD) okanye impazamo ye-STOP. Lo myalezo wemposiso uvela xa inkqubo yakho yokusebenza iwile ngenxa yesizathu esithile okanye xa kukho ingxaki kwi-kernel, kwaye iWindows kufuneka ivale ngokupheleleyo kwaye iqalise kwakhona ukubuyisela iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. I-BSOD idla ngokubangelwa yimiba enxulumene nehardware kwisixhobo. Isenokubangelwa ngenxa ye-malware, ezinye iifayile ezonakeleyo, okanye ukuba inkqubo ye-kernel-level ingena kwingxaki.



Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

Ikhowudi yokumisa phantsi kwesikrini iqulethe ulwazi malunga nesizathu se-Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) Impazamo. Le khowudi ibalulekile ekulungiseni impazamo ethi STOP, kwaye kufuneka uyiqaphele. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iinkqubo, isikrini esiluhlaza sidanyaza nje, kwaye iinkqubo ziqhubela phambili ukuze ziqalise kwakhona nangaphambi kokuba umntu aphawule phantsi ikhowudi. Ukubamba impazamo yesikrini esithi STOP, kufuneka khubaza ukuqalisa kwakhona okuzenzekelayo kukusilela kwenkqubo okanye xa impazamo ye STOP isenzeka.



Khubaza ukuqalisa kwakhona okuzenzekelayo kwiSistim yokusilela ngaphakathi Windows 10

Xa isikrini sokufa esiluhlaza sibonakala, qaphela ikhowudi yokuyeka enikwe njenge CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED, SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED , njl. Ukuba ufumana ikhowudi ye-hexadecimal, ungafumana igama elilinganayo usebenzisa Iwebhusayithi yeMicrosoft . Oku kuya kukuxelela Esona sizathu seBSOD ekufuneka usilungisile . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awukwazi ukufumana eyona khowudi okanye isizathu seBSOD okanye awufumani indlela yokusombulula ingxaki yekhowudi yakho yokumisa, landela imiyalelo enikiweyo Lungisa impazamo yesikrini sokufa Windows 10.



Imixholo[ fihla ]

Lungisa impazamo yesikrini sokufa Windows 10

Qiniseka ukuba yenza indawo yokubuyisela nje ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle. Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwiPC yakho ngenxa yeBlue Screen yempazamo yokuFa (BSOD), ke qiniseka ukuba qalisa iPC yakho kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo kwaye emva koko ulandele isikhokelo esingezantsi.



Skena iNkqubo yakho yeeNtsholongwane

Eli lelona nyathelo liphambili ekufuneka ulithathe ukulungisa isikrini esiluhlaza sempazamo yokufa. Ukuba ujongene neBSOD, esinye sezizathu ezinokuthi zibe ziintsholongwane. Iintsholongwane kunye ne-malware zingonakalisa idatha yakho kwaye ibangele le mpazamo. Yenza iskena esipheleleyo kwinkqubo yakho yentsholongwane kunye ne-malware usebenzisa isoftware elungileyo yokulwa nentsholongwane. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona iWindows Defender ngale njongo ukuba awusebenzisi enye isoftware echasene nentsholongwane. Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha i-Antivirus yakho ayisebenzi ngokuchasene nohlobo oluthile lwe-malware, ngoko ke, isoloko ingumbono olungileyo ukuqhuba. Malwarebytes Anti-malware ukususa nayiphi na i-malware kwinkqubo ngokupheleleyo.

Skena iNkqubo yakho yeeNtsholongwane zokulungisa iSkrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa (BSOD)

Ubusenza ntoni xa kusenzeka iBSOD?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyisombulule impazamo. Nokuba ubusenza ntoni na xa kuvela iBSOD, inokuba sisizathu sempazamo ye STOP. Masithi usungule inkqubo entsha, ke le nkqubo ibinokuthi ibangele iBSOD. Okanye ukuba uthe wafaka uhlaziyo lweWindows, ayinakuba ichanekile okanye yonakaliswe, yiyo loo nto ibangela iBSOD. Buyisela utshintsho olwenzileyo kwaye ubone ukuba iBlue Screen yempazamo yokuFa (BSOD) yenzeka kwakhona. La manyathelo ambalwa alandelayo aya kukunceda uhlehlise utshintsho olufunekayo.

Sebenzisa uBuyiselo lweNkqubo

Ukuba iBSOD ibangelwe yisoftware esanda kufakwa okanye umqhubi, ngoko ungasebenzisa uBuyiselo lweSixokelelwano ukuhlenga utshintsho olwenziwayo kwindlela yakho. Ukuya kuBuyiselo lweNkqubo,

1. Chwetheza ulawulo kuPhendlo lweWindows emva koko ucofe kwi Iphaneli yokulawula indlela emfutshane kwisiphumo sophendlo.

Chwetheza Iphaneli yokulawula kwibar yokukhangela kwaye cinezela ngenisa | Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

2. Tshintsha i ' Jonga nge indlela yokuya ' Iimpawu ezincinci '.

Tshintshela imowudi yokuJonga kwi-icons ezincinci

3. Cofa apha ' Ukuchacha '.

4. Cofa apha ' Vula uBuyiselo lweSixokelelwano ' ukulungisa utshintsho lwamva nje lwenkqubo. Landela onke amanyathelo afunekayo.

Cofa ku Vula iSixokelelwano soBuyiselo ukuze uhlehlise utshintsho lwamva nje lwenkqubo

5. Ngoku, ukusuka kwi Buyisela iifayile zesixokelelwano kunye nezicwangciso ifestile nqakraza Okulandelayo.

Ngoku ukusuka kwi-Buyisela iifayile zesistim kunye neesetingi zefestile cofa ku Okulandelayo

6. Khetha i buyisela indawo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba le ngongoma ibuyiselwe yenziwe ngaphambi kokujongana nomba weBSOD.

Khetha indawo yokubuyisela

7. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana amanqaku okubuyisela amadala ngoko uphawu lokukhangela Bonisa amanqaku okubuyisela amaninzi kwaye emva koko ukhethe indawo yokubuyisela.

Qwalasela Bonisa amanqaku amaninzi okubuyisela emva koko ukhethe indawo yokubuyisela

8. Cofa Okulandelayo kwaye emva koko ujonge zonke iisetingi oziqwalaseleyo.

9. Ekugqibeleni, cofa Gqiba ukuqalisa inkqubo yokubuyisela.

Hlaziya zonke iisetingi ozilungisileyo kwaye ucofe Gqiba | Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

Cima iFaulty Windows Update

Ngamanye amaxesha, uhlaziyo lweWindows olufakile lunokuba nempazamo okanye luqhawuke ngexesha lofakelo. Oku kunokubangela iBSOD. Ukukhupha olu hlaziyo lweWindows kunokusombulula ingxaki yeBlue Screen of Death (BSOD) ukuba sisizathu. Ukukhupha uhlaziyo lwamva nje lweWindows,

1. Cinezela Isitshixo seWindows + I ukuvula Useto emva koko ucofe ku Uhlaziyo & noKhuseleko i icon.

Cofa iSitshixo seWindows + I ukuvula iiSetingi emva koko ucofe kuHlaziyo kunye nokhuseleko icon

2. Kwipheyini yasekhohlo, khetha ‘ Uhlaziyo lweWindows '.

3. Ngoku phantsi Jonga uhlaziyo iqhosha, cofa ku Jonga uhlaziyo lwembali .

Skrolela ezantsi kwiphaneli elungileyo kwaye ucofe ku Jonga imbali yohlaziyo

4. Ngoku cofa apha Khipha uhlaziyo kwiscreen esilandelayo.

Cofa ku Khipha uhlaziyo phantsi kwembali yohlaziyo yokujonga

5. Okokugqibela, kuluhlu lohlaziyo olusanda kufakwa cofa ekunene kwi uhlaziyo lwamva nje kwaye ukhethe Khipha.

Khipha uhlaziyo oluthile | Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

6. Qalisa kwakhona iPC yakho ukugcina utshintsho.

Ngomba onxulumene nomqhubi, ungasebenzisa i 'Umqhubi we-Rollback' inqaku loMphathi weSixhobo kwiWindows. Iza kukhupha umqhubi wangoku kwi hardware isixhobo kwaye iya kufaka umqhubi ofakwe ngaphambili. Kulo mzekelo, siza kwenza njalo abaqhubi be-rollback Graphics kodwa kwimeko yakho, Kufuneka ufumanise ukuba ngabaphi abaqhubi abasanda kufakwa ke kuphela kufuneka ulandele esi sikhokelo singezantsi kweso sixhobo kuMphathi weSixhobo,

1. Cofa i-Windows Key + R uze uchwetheze devmgmt.msc kwaye ucofe u-Enter ukuvula uMphathi wesiXhobo.

devmgmt.msc umphathi wesixhobo

2. Yandisa i-Display Adapter uze ucofe ekunene kweyakho ikhadi lemizobo kwaye ukhethe Iipropati.

ekunene nqakraza kwi Intel(R) HD Graphics 4000 kwaye ukhethe Iipropati

3. Tshintshela ku Ithebhu yomqhubi emva koko ucofe Rola ngasemva Driver .

Rola ngasemva uMqhubi weMizobo ukulungisa iSkrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa (BSOD)

4. Uya kufumana umyalezo wesilumkiso, cofa Ewe ukuqhubeka.

5. Nje ukuba umqhubi wakho wegraphics ubuyiselwe umva, qalisa kwakhona iPC yakho ukugcina utshintsho.

Kwakhona Kuthotywa Umthwalo wokuPhucula iifayile

Ukuba ujongene nesikrini esiluhlaza sempazamo yokufa, oko kunokuba kungenxa yokuphuculwa kweWindows eyonakalisiweyo okanye iifayile zokuseta. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kufuneka ukhuphele ifayile yokuphucula kwakhona, kodwa ngaphambi koko, kufuneka ucime iifayile zokufakela ezikhutshiweyo ngaphambili. Nje ukuba iifayile zangaphambili zicinyiwe, uHlaziyo lweWindows luya kukhuphela kwakhona iifayile zokuseta kwakhona.

Ukucima ukhuphelo lwangaphambili iifayile zofako kufuneka wenze sebenzisa ukucoca iDiski kwiWindows 10:

1. Cofa i-Windows Key + R uze uchwetheze cleanmgr okanye cleanmgr/lowdisk (Ukuba ufuna zonke iinketho zikhangelwe ngokungagqibekanga) kwaye ucofe u-Enter.

cleanmgr lowdisk

Mbini. Khetha isahlulelo kuyo IWindows ifakiwe, leyo ngokubanzi i C: qhuba kwaye ucofe u-OK.

Khetha isahlulelo ofuna ukusicoca

3. Cofa kwi Coca iifayile zesistim iqhosha ezantsi.

Cofa kwi Coca iifayile zenkqubo iqhosha kwi Disk Cleanup window | Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

4. Ukuba uyalelwa yi-UAC, khetha Ewe, emva koko ukhethe kwakhona iWindows C: qhuba kwaye ucofe KULUNGILE.

5. Ngoku qinisekisa ukuba uyaphawula Iifayile zexeshana zokufakela iiWindows ukhetho.

Khangela ifayile yofako lweThutyana lweWindows ukhetho | Lungisa iSkrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa (BSOD)

6. Cofa Kulungile ukucima iifayile.

Ungazama nokubaleka Ucoceko lweDiski olwandisiweyo ukuba ufuna ukucima zonke iifayile zokuseta zexeshana zeWindows.

Khangela okanye ungakhangeli izinto ofuna ukuzifaka okanye ungabandakanyi kwi-Extended Disk Clean up

Khangela ukuba kukho indawo ekhululekileyo eyaneleyo

Ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo, isixa esithile sendawo yasimahla (ubuncinci i-20 GB) iyafuneka kwi-drive apho iWindows yakho ifakwe khona. Ukungabi nandawo yaneleyo kunokonakalisa idatha yakho kwaye kubangele impazamo yeBlue Screen of Death.

Kwakhona, ukufaka uhlaziyo lweWindows/ukuphucula ngempumelelo, uya kufuna ubuncinci i-20GB yendawo yasimahla kwihard disk yakho. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlaziyo lutye yonke indawo, kodwa luluvo olulungileyo ukukhulula ubuncinci be-20GB yendawo kwi-drive drive yakho ukuze ufakelo lugqibe ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Qinisekisa ukuba unesithuba esaneleyo seDisc ukuze ufakele uHlaziyo lweWindows

Sebenzisa iMowudi eKhuselekileyo

Ukuqalisa iiWindows zakho kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo kubangela kuphela abaqhubi abayimfuneko kunye neenkonzo ukuba zilayishwe. Ukuba iWindows yakho iqalwe kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo ayijongani nempazamo yeBSOD, ke ingxaki ihlala kumqhubi okanye isoftware yomntu wesithathu. Ukuya qalisa kwiNdlela eKhuselekileyo kwiWindows 10,

1. Cinezela Isitshixo seWindows + I ukuvula Useto emva koko ucofe ku Uhlaziyo & noKhuseleko.

2. Kwipheyini yasekhohlo, khetha ‘ Ukuchacha '.

3. Kwinqanaba lokuQala lokuQala, cofa ku ‘ Qalela ngoku '.

Khetha uBuyiselo kwaye ucofe kuQalisa kwakhona ngoku phantsi kokuQalisa okuPhambili

4. Wena iPC iya kuqalisa kwakhona emva koko ukhethe ' Ukusombulula ingxaki ' ekukhetheni ukhetho lwesikrini.

khetha ukhetho oluphambili kwiscreen sokulungisa ingxaki

5. Okulandelayo, yiya ku Ukhetho olukwinqanaba eliphezulu > Useto lokuqalisa.

Cofa iiSetingi zokuQalisa i-icon kwi-Advanced Options screen

6. Cofa apha ' Phinda Uqalele ', kwaye inkqubo yakho iya kuqalisa kwakhona.

Nqakraza kwi Qala kwakhona iqhosha kwi window yesethingi yokuQalisa | Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

7. Ngoku, kwifestile yeSetingi zokuQalisa, khetha isitshixo semisebenzi ukwenza iNdlela eKhuselekileyo, kwaye inkqubo yakho iya kuqalwa ifakwe kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo.

Ukusuka kwiiSetingi zokuQalisa ifestile khetha iqhosha lemisebenzi ukuze uvule iMowudi eKhuselekileyo

Gcina iWindows, iFirmware, kunye neBIOS zihlaziyiwe

  1. Inkqubo yakho kufuneka ihlaziywe kunye neepakethi zenkonzo yeWindows zamva nje, iindawo zokhuseleko phakathi kolunye uhlaziyo. Olu hlaziyo kunye neepakethi zinokuqulatha ukulungiswa kweBSOD. Eli linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukunqanda iBSOD ukuba ingaveli okanye iphinde ivele kwixesha elizayo.
  2. Olunye uhlaziyo olubalulekileyo omele uqinisekise ukuba lolwabaqhubi. Kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba iBSOD ibangwe yihardware engalunganga okanye umqhubi kwinkqubo yakho. Ukuhlaziya kunye nokulungisa abaqhubi kwihardware yakho ingakunceda ekulungiseni imposiso STOP.
  3. Ngapha koko, kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba i-BIOS yakho ihlaziyiwe. I-BIOS yakudala inokubangela imiba yokuhambelana kwaye inokuba sisizathu sempazamo ye-STOP. Ukongeza, ukuba uyenzile i-BIOS yakho, zama ukuseta kwakhona i-BIOS kwimeko yayo engagqibekanga. I-BIOS yakho isenokungenzelwanga kakuhle, kungoko ibangela le mpazamo.

Jonga i-Hardware yakho

  1. Uqhagamshelo lwehardware oluxeliweyo kunokubangela kwakhona i-Blue Screen yempazamo yokuFa. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba onke amacandelo e-hardware aqhagamshelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, cima iplagi kwaye uphinde usethe amacandelo kwaye ujonge ukuba impazamo iye yasonjululwa.
  2. Ngaphezulu, ukuba impazamo iyaqhubeka, zama ukufumanisa ukuba inxalenye yehardware ethile ibangela le mpazamo. Zama ukuqala inkqubo yakho ngobuncinci behardware. Ukuba impazamo ayiveli ngeli xesha, kusenokubakho ingxaki kwenye yezixhobo zehardware ozisusileyo.
  3. Yenza uvavanyo lokuxilonga kwi-hardware yakho kwaye ubuyisele nayiphi na i-hardware engalunganga ngoko nangoko.

Jonga iCable eLawulayo ukulungisa iSkrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa (BSOD)

Vavanya i-RAM yakho, i-Hard disk kunye ne-Device Drivers

Ngaba unengxaki ngePC yakho, ngakumbi imiba yokusebenza kunye neempazamo zesikrini esiluhlaza? Kukho ithuba lokuba i-RAM ibangela ingxaki kwiPC yakho. Inkumbulo yoFikelelo olungenamkhethe (RAM) yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zePC yakho; Ngoko ke, nanini na xa ufumana iingxaki kwiPC yakho, kufuneka Vavanya i-RAM yekhompyuter yakho kwimemori embi kwiWindows .

Ukuba ujongana nawo nawuphi na umba ngehard diski yakho efana namacandelo amabi, idiski esilelayo, njl., Khangela iDiski inokusindisa ubomi. Abasebenzisi beWindows banokungakwazi ukudibanisa ubuso obuhlukeneyo bempazamo kunye nediski enzima, kodwa unobangela omnye okanye omnye unxulumene nayo. Ngoko ukusebenza khangela idiski isoloko inconywa njengoko inokulungisa umba ngokulula.

Umqinisekisi womqhubi sisixhobo seWindows esenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubamba isixhobo somqhubi wesixhobo. Isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukufumana abaqhubi ababangele impazamo yeBlue Screen of Death (BSOD). Ukusebenzisa iDriver Verifier yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa oonobangela bokungqubana kweBSOD.

Lungisa ingxaki ebangela isoftware

Ukuba uyathandabuza ukuba inkqubo esanda kufakwa okanye ehlaziyiweyo ibangele iBSOD, zama ukuyibuyisela kwakhona. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba ufakela uhlaziyo lwamva nje. Qinisekisa zonke iimeko zokuhambelana kunye nolwazi lwenkxaso. Jonga kwakhona, ukuba imposiso iyaqhubeka. Kwimeko apho usajongene nempazamo, zama ukulahla isoftware kwaye usebenzise enye indawo yaloo nkqubo.

1. Cofa iSitshixo seWindows + I ukuvula iiSetingi uze ucofe Usetyenziso.

Cofa i-Windows Key + I ukuvula iiSetingi emva koko ucofe ii-Apps

2. Kwifestile esekhohlo, khetha Usetyenziso kunye neempawu .

3. Ngoku khetha i usetyenziso kwaye ucofe ku Khipha.

Khetha usetyenziso kwaye ucofe ku Khipha

Sebenzisa Windows 10 Umlungisi

Ukuba uyasebenzisa Windows 10 Abadali bahlaziya okanye kamva, ungasebenzisa i-Windows inbuilt Troubleshooter ukulungisa i-Blue Screen yempazamo yokufa (BSOD).

1. Cofa iqhosha le-Windows + I ukuvula iiSetingi uze ucofe ku ‘ Uhlaziyo & noKhuseleko '.

2. Kwipheyini yasekhohlo, khetha ‘ Ukusombulula ingxaki '.

3. Skrolela ezantsi ku- Fumana kwaye ulungise ezinye iingxaki ’ amacandelo.

4. Cofa apha ' Isikrini esiBlue ' kwaye nqakraza ' Qhuba isilungisi-ngxaki '.

Cofa kwiBlue Screen kwaye ucofe ku Run isixazululi sengxaki | Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

Lungisa iFakelo yeWindows 10

Le ndlela yindlela yokugqibela kuba ukuba akukho nto isebenzayo, ke, le ndlela ngokuqinisekileyo iya kulungisa zonke iingxaki ngePC yakho. Ukulungisa Faka usebenzisa uhlaziyo lwangaphakathi ukulungisa imiba ngenkqubo ngaphandle kokucima idatha yomsebenzisi ekhoyo kwisistim. Ngoko landela eli nqaku ukuze ubone Uyilungisa njani iFakelo Windows 10 ngokulula .

Lungisa ukufakela Windows 10 ukulungisa iSkrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa (BSOD)

Impazamo yakho ye-BSOD kufuneka isonjululwe ngoku, kodwa ukuba ayikhange ibe njalo, kusenokufuneka uphinde ufake iWindows okanye ufune uncedo kwinkxaso yeWindows.

Seta kwakhona iWindows 10

Phawula: Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwiPC yakho, qalisa kwakhona iPC yakho amaxesha ambalwa ude uqalise Ukulungisa okuzenzekelayo. Emva koko uye ku Ukulungisa ingxaki> Seta kwakhona le PC> Susa yonke into.

1. Cofa iSitshixo seWindows + I ukuvula iiSetingi uze ucofe ku Uhlaziyo kunye noKhuseleko icon.

Cofa iSitshixo seWindows + I ukuvula iiSetingi emva koko ucofe kuHlaziyo kunye nokhuseleko icon

2. Kwimenyu esekhohlo khetha Ukuchacha.

3. Ngaphantsi Seta kwakhona le PC, cofa kwi Qalisa iqhosha.

Khetha uBuyiselo kwaye ucofe kuQalisa phantsi Seta kwakhona le PCKhetha ukuBuyisa kwaye ucofe kuQalisa phantsi Seta kwakhona le PC

4. Khetha ukhetho lokuya Gcina iifayile zam .

Khetha ukhetho lokugcina iifayile zam kwaye ucofe Okulandelayo

5. Kwinyathelo elilandelayo, unokucelwa ukuba ufake Windows 10 ufakelo lwemidiya, ke qiniseka ukuba uyilungile.

6. Ngoku, khetha uguqulelo lwakho lweWindows kwaye ucofe kwidrive kuphela apho iWindows ifakwe khona > susa iifayile zam.

cofa kuphela kwi-drive apho iWindows ifakwe khona | Lungisa iSikrini esiBlue sempazamo yokuFa Windows 10

5. Cofa kwi Lungisa iqhosha.

6. Landela imiyalelo ekwiskrini ukugqiba ukuseta ngokutsha.

eCetyisiweyo:

Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo kwaye ngoku unakho ngokulula Lungisa impazamo yesikrini sokufa Windows 10 , kodwa ukuba usenayo nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nesi sifundo zive ukhululekile ukubabuza kwicandelo lezimvo.

Aditya Farrad

U-Aditya yingcaphephe yetekhnoloji yolwazi ozikhuthazayo kwaye ebengumbhali wetekhnoloji kule minyaka isi-7 idlulileyo. Ugubungela iinkonzo ze-Intanethi, iselfowuni, iWindows, isoftware, kunye nezikhokelo zeNjani.