Ithambile

Yintoni iMalware kwaye yenza ntoni?

Zama Isixhobo Sethu Sokuphelisa Iingxaki





Iposwe kwiIgqityelwe ukuvuselelwa: ngoFebruwari 16, 2021

Igama elithi malware lithatyathwe kumagama amabini ahlukeneyo - ubungozi kunye nesoftware. Ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ngokudibeneyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesoftware ejonge ukwenza umonakalo kwinkqubo okanye ukufumana ukufikelela kwidatha ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Yindlela yokuhlasela inkqubo. I-Malware sisisongelo esikhulu kuthungelwano lwekhompyuter njengoko inamandla okwenza ilahleko enkulu kwixhoba. Loluphi uhlobo lohlaselo olunokwenzeka nge-malware? Nalu uluhlu lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-malware.





Yintoni iMalware kwaye yenza ntoni

Imixholo[ fihla ]



Iintlobo zeMalware

1. Iintshulube

Igama labo lithatyathwe kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo iintshulube. Baqala ukuchaphazela umatshini omnye kwi inethiwekhi kwaye emva koko basebenze indlela yabo ukuya kwezinye iinkqubo. Kungekudala, inethiwekhi yonke yezixhobo inokusuleleka.

2. I-Ransomware

Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-scareware. Njengoko igama libonisa, isetyenziselwa ukuxhaphaza intlawulelo. Ukusebenzisa i-ransomware, inethiwekhi yonke inokutshixwa kwaye abasebenzisi banokuvalelwa ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi. Imiphumo iya kuguqulwa kuphela xa intlawulelo ihlawulwe ngumntu ochaphazelekayo. Uhlaselo lweRansomware luchaphazele imibutho emininzi emikhulu



3. IiTrojani

Inkqubo eyingozi eguqulwe njengeqhekeza elisemthethweni lesoftware. Idala i-backdoors ukophula ukhuseleko. Oku kuvula indawo yokungena kwezinye iindidi ze-malware. Eli gama lithatyathwe kwimbali apho amajoni aseGrisi ayezimela ngaphakathi kwehashe elikhulu ngaphambi kokuba aqalise ukuhlasela.

4. ispyware

I-spyware luhlobo lwe-malware esetyenziselwa ukuhlola imisebenzi yomsebenzisi kwinkqubo yakhe. Inkqubo ifihla ngaphakathi kwenkqubo kwaye iqokelela ulwazi olubucayi olufana neephasiwedi zomsebenzisi kunye neenkcukacha zebhanki ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi.



5. Intsholongwane

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwe-malware. Liqhekeza lekhowudi ephunyeziweyo encamathela ngokwayo kwinkqubo ecocekileyo kwinkqubo. Ilinda umsebenzisi ukuba enze ikhowudi. Itshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yakho ngendlela engafunekiyo. Iintsholongwane zinokutshixa abasebenzisi ngaphandle kweenkqubo zabo kwaye zonakalise iifayile ezikuyo. Zidla ngokunikezelwa njengefayile ephunyezwayo. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka ulumkele into oyikhuphelayo kwinkqubo yakho kunye nokuthembeka komthombo.

6. I-Adware

Isoftware ethile yentengiso iphosa ii-pop-ups kwiscreen sakho ezinokuthi xa ucofa, zibeke esichengeni ukhuseleko lwakho. Basenokungasoloko bekhohlakele. Kodwa ukuba awulumkanga, i-adware inokukhokelela kwenye i-malware engena kwinkqubo yakho.

7. Keylogger

Olu luhlobo lwe-malware eyenziwe ngokukodwa ukurekhoda izitshixo zekhibhodi. Ngale nto, umhlaseli unokufumana ulwazi oluyimfihlo olufana neenkcukacha zekhadi letyala kunye namagama ayimfihlo.

8. Ukuxhaphaza

Olu hlobo lwe-malware lusebenzisa i-bugs kwinkqubo yakho ukufumana ukungena. Badla ngokuba yi-piggyback kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni. Awunyanzelekanga nokuba ucofe okanye ukhuphele nantoni na. Ukundwendwela nje iwebhusayithi ekhuselekileyo ngendlela engakhuselekanga kuya kukhuphela iinkqubo ezinobungozi kwinkqubo yakho.

9. Rootkit

Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-rootkit, umhlaseli unokunika amalungelo omlawuli kwinkqubo. Abasebenzisi benkqubo bahlala bengayazi le nto kuba ifihliwe kakuhle kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nezinye izicelo.

Iimpawu zenkqubo echatshazelwa yi-malware

Ukujonga kuluhlu olude lweentlobo zesoftware, nawuphi na umsebenzisi uya kuvuma ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokubona ukuba inkqubo yakho ichatshazelwe yiyo nayiphi na i-malware. Kwaye njengomsebenzisi onoxanduva, kufuneka ube. Kuya kubakho iimpawu zokuxela ukuba inkqubo yakho ichaphazelekile. Apha ngezantsi kukho imiqondiso ekufuneka uyijonge.

  • Awunakukwazi hlaziya isoftware yakho yeantivirus . Oku kwenzeka ukuba i-malware ehlasele yavala isoftware yakho ye-antivirus ukuze ingabi nasiphumo kwakhona.
  • Ukuba ubona iibar zesixhobo, izandiso, kunye neeplagi kwibrawuza yakho ongazange uyibone ngaphambili, sisizathu sokukhathazeka.
  • Isikhangeli sakho siyacotha. Iphepha lasekhaya lesikhangeli sakho litshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwakhona, amakhonkco akabonakali esebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Bakuthathela indawo engalunganga. Oku kuqhele ukwenzeka ukuba ucofa amakhonkco kwii-pop-ups.
  • Uqaphela ukwanda komsebenzi we-intanethi kwinkqubo yakho
  • Ufumana ilahleko yendawo yedisk. Oku kwenzeka xa kukho i-malware efihliweyo kwi-hard drive yakho
  • Kukho ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwemithombo yenkqubo ngasemva. Umshicileli weprosesa uvuthuza ngesantya esipheleleyo.
  • Nokuba ufikelela kwi-intanethi okanye usebenzisa usetyenziso lwasekuhlaleni, uyaqaphela ukuba inkqubo iye yacotha kakhulu.
  • Uyaqaphela ukuba inkqubo yakho iyantlitheka rhoqo. Uhlala udibana nenkqubo yomkhenkce okanye iBlue Screen of Death (uphawu lwempazamo ebulalayo kwiinkqubo zeWindows)
  • Uhlala ubona iintengiso ezininzi ezivelelayo kwiscreen sakho. Badla ngokuza nemali yebhaso elikhulu ngendlela engakholelekiyo okanye ezinye izithembiso. Ungaze ucofe kwiintengiso ezizivelelayo, ngakumbi ezo zine 'Sivuyisana nawe! Uphumelele ……’

Ingena njani i-malware kwinkqubo yakho?

Ngoku uyazi kakuhle imiqondiso ebonisa ukuba kunokubakho uhlaselo lwe-malware kwinkqubo yakho. Ukuba ubona enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ingcamango yakho yokuqala iya kuba ‘kwenzeke njani oku?’ Ufanele uyilumkele indlela i-malware engena ngayo kwinkqubo ukuze ukwazi ukunciphisa iziganeko ezinjalo.

Khumbula ukuba uninzi lweentlobo ze-malware zixhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lwesenzo somsebenzisi. Mhlawumbi ufumana i-imeyile ekrokrisayo efuna ukuba ukhuphele ifayile ye-.exe okanye kukho ikhonkco elinde ukuba ucofe kuyo. I-Malware ayigcini iiselfowuni ngokunjalo. Abahlaseli banolwazi oluhle lobuthathaka bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Basebenzisa obu buthathaka ukuze bafumane ufikelelo.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo apho i-malware ifumana ufikelelo nge-imeyile kunye ne-intanethi. Nanini na xa uqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi, inkqubo yakho inokuchaphazeleka; ngakumbi ukuba isixhobo sakho asikhuselwanga yi isoftware echasene ne-malware . Xa ukwi-intanethi, le misebenzi ilandelayo inokwenza kube lula kwi-malware ukuba ingene kwindlela yakho - ukukhuphela uncamathiselo olusuka kwi-spam mail, ukukhuphela iifayile ezivakalayo ezosulelekileyo, ukufakela izixhobo zokusebenza kumnikezeli ongaziwayo, ukukhuphela/ukufaka isoftwe kwi umthombo ongakhuselekanga, njalo njalo...

Xa uzama ukukhuphela usetyenziso kumthombo okrokrelayo, inkqubo yakho ibonisa imiyalezo elumkisayo ukukugcina ukhuselekile. Nika ingqalelo kule miyalezo, ngakumbi ukuba isicelo sifuna imvume yokufikelela kwiinkcukacha zakho.

Abahlaseli bazama ukujolisa kubasebenzisi abakhohlisayo ngokusebenzisa iingxelo ezibonakala zikunika into entle. Inokuba yi-intanethi ekhawulezayo, isicoci se-hard drive, umphathi ongcono wokhuphelo, njl.njl... Emva kwezi zinikezelo kukho isoftware enobungozi elungele ukuhlasela inkqubo yakho. Ke, xa ukhuphela nasiphi na isicelo kwiPC/laptop okanye ifowuni ephathwayo, qiniseka ukwenza oko kuphela kwiwebhusayithi ethembekileyo.

Siyayiphinda into yokuba ixesha elininzi, i-malware inokungena kuphela ngesenzo somsebenzisi. Ukukhuphela okunye kwi-imeyile engalunganga okanye ukucofa kanye kwikhonkco elingalunganga kunye ne-boom! Inkqubo yakho iphantsi kohlaselo. Ke, kubalulekile ukuba ungatsalwa 'zilunge kakhulu ukuba yinyani' unikezelo, amakhonkco, ii-imeyile, kunye neentengiso ezivelelayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokukhuphela usetyenziso kumthombo othembekileyo. Kodwa ukuba iveza esinye isicelo esiyimfuneko kwaye ifuna imvume yokuyikhuphela, lumka! Isoftware eyongezelelweyo iyaziwa ngegama elithi - Isoftware engafunwayo (PUP) kwaye ayiyomfuneko (kwaye inokuba yingozi) icandelo lesoftware.

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokugcina iinkqubo eziyingozi zikude kukufakela isoftwe elungileyo yokuchasana ne-malware kwinkqubo yakho.

Uhlala njani ukhuselekile?

Wonke umsebenzisi we-intanethi ufuna ukuhlala ekhuselekile. Akukho mntu uthanda ukuba lixhoba lohlaselo lwe-malware. Isiphumo sohlaselo olunjalo sinokusuka kwilahleko ukuya kwidatha ebuthathaka ukuya ekunikezeleni ngentlawulelo enkulu. Kuba iziphumo zoyikeka, kungcono ukukhuseleka kunokuzisola. Sixoxe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-malware kunye nendlela ezinokungena ngayo kwinkqubo yakho. Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko ekufuneka umntu awathathe, ukuze ahlale ekhuselekile ngelixa ekhangela i-intanethi.

1. Khangela ngokufanelekileyo

Ezinye ezincinci, iiwebhsayithi zengingqi zinokhuseleko olungeluhle ngasemva. Ihlala kwezi ndawo apho i-malware inokufumaneka khona. Ukuze ube kwicala elikhuselekileyo, hlala unamathela kwiindawo ezaziwayo ezazakhela igama elihle phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi. Isalathisi seewebhusayithi ezinobungozi kukuba, amagama abo esizinda aphela ngoonobumba abangaqhelekanga endaweni yesiqhelo org, com, edu, njl.

2. Jonga into oyikhuphelayo

Ukukhuphela yeyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo apho iinkqubo ezikhohlakeleyo zisithela khona. Soloko ujonga kabini ukuba ukhuphela ntoni kwaye usuka phi. Ukuba ikhona, yiya kuphononongo oluvela kubasebenzisi bangaphambili ukuze uqinisekise ukuthembeka komnikezeli.

3. Faka i-ad-blocker

Siye sabona ukuba i-adware ngamanye amaxesha inokuqulatha isoftware eyingozi phantsi kwefestile ye-pop-up. Ekubeni kunzima ukwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezisemthethweni neziyingozi, luluvo oluhle ukuvimba zonke nge-ad-blocker elungileyo. Nokuba ngaphandle kwe-ad-blocker, akufuneki ucofe kwi-pup-ups nokuba intle kangakanani na intengiso.

Kwakhona Funda: Yintoni ikhibhodi kwaye isebenza njani?

4. Musa ukuzivumela ukuba ube bhetyebhetye

Ukunxibelelana kwi-Intanethi kunokuba yingozi njengoko kuyonwabisa. Sukuwela unikezelo, amakhonkco kwii-imeyile ze-spam, izilumkiso, njl ... ezikulingayo. Ukuba kukho into ekhangeleka ngathi ilunge kakhulu ukuba ibe yinyani, kungcono ukuba uyikhwebule kuloo nto.

  1. Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu zokuqala ze-malware. Ukuba uyibambe kwangethuba, unokuwuphepha umonakalo omkhulu. Ukuba akunjalo, into enye ikhokelela kwenye kwaye ngokukhawuleza uya kuzifumana usemhadini onzulu apho kungekho lungiso lubonakala lusebenza.
  2. Isixokelelwano sakho esisebenzayo, iiplagi ezifakiweyo, kunye nezikhangeli zinokuba zezohlobo lwamva nje. Ukugcina isoftware yakho isexesheni yindlela yokugcina abahlaseli bengekho.
  3. Kubasebenzisi befowuni ephathwayo ye-Android, khuphela usetyenziso lwakho kwiVenkile kaGoogle Play kuphela. Ngaphambi kokukhuphela usetyenziso, jonga ukuba ngaba uphononongo lwayo kunye neereyithingi zilungile ngokufanelekileyo. Usetyenziso akufuneki lufune imvume yokufikelela kwiinkcukacha ezinganxulumananga ne-app. Lumkela ukuba zeziphi iimvume ozinikayo. Kuphephe ukukhuphela usetyenziso kwimithombo yomntu wesithathu. Sukucofa amakhonkco owafumana kuWhatsapp okanye kwezinye ii-apps zemiyalezo, ngaphandle kokujonga ukuba imalunga na.

Ukususa i-malware

Ukungaqiniseki kusoloko kungunobangela. Ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko, unokuba lixhoba lohlaselo lwe-malware. Uyibuyisela njani inkqubo yakho kwisiqhelo?

Kukho izixhobo zokususa i-malware - zombini simahla kwaye zihlawulwe, ziyafumaneka. Ukuba awukayifaki inkqubo yokulwa ne-malware, yifake kwangoko. Emva koko, sebenzisa iskena. Ukuskena kuya kukhangela naziphi na iingxaki kwisixhobo sakho kwaye isoftware iya kusebenza kuyo Ukususa nayiphi na i-malware kwinkqubo yakho .

Emva kokuba ucoce isixhobo sakho, tshintsha amagama ayimfihlo kuzo zonke iiakhawunti onazo, kwaye usebenzise. Lahla onke amagama akho ayimfihlo amadala.

Isishwankathelo

  • I-Malware ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iinkqubo ezinobungozi.
  • Abahlaseli basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela kwinkqubo yakho, ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho.
  • Oku kuyingozi njengoko i-malware inokukunika amagama ayimfihlo, iinkcukacha zakho, kunye nolunye ulwazi olubuthathaka. Umhlaseli unokusebenzisa olu lwazi ngokuchasene nawe.
  • Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-malware kukukhusela inkqubo yakho ngesoftware echasene ne-malware ebonelela ngokhuseleko olungqingqwa.
  • Kufuneka kwakhona ugcine engqondweni ukuba ungacofa amakhonkco okanye ukhuphele izinamathiselo kwii-imeyile ezingacelwanga, upheqa kwiiwebhusayithi ezingakhuselekanga, okanye ucofe kwiintengiso ezizivelelayo.
Elon Decker

U-Elon ungumbhali wezobugcisa kwi-Cyber ​​S. Ubhale indlela-izikhokelo malunga neminyaka eyi-6 ngoku kwaye uye wagubungela izihloko ezininzi. Uyakuthanda ukugubungela izihloko ezinxulumene neWindows, Android, kunye namaqhinga amva nje kunye neengcebiso.