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IsiKhokelo sika-A ukuya ku-Z kubaqhubi beSixhobo Windows 10, 8.1 kunye no-7

Zama Isixhobo Sethu Sokuphelisa Iingxaki





Igqityelwe ukuhlaziywa Nge-17 ka-Epreli 2022 Isikhokelo somqhubi wesixhobo 0

Abaqhubi besixhobo babalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi uninzi lwabasebenzisi bePC (nabo bazijonga njengabaphambili) banokuqonda okungacacanga kwendima yomqhubi kwinkqubo, imisebenzi yayo, iindidi, njalo njalo.

Esi sithuba lufutshane olungelulo lwezobuchwepheshe oluchaza indlela abaqhubi abasebenza ngayo kwaye kutheni bebalulekile. Isikhokelo esinjalo siya kuba luncedo kuye nawuphi na umsebenzisi wePC ozimisele ukusebenzisa isixhobo sakhe ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphezulu.





Yintoni umqhubi wesixhobo?

Ngokutsho kweWikipedia , umqhubi yinkqubo yekhompyutha esebenza okanye elawula uhlobo oluthile lwesixhobo esincanyathiselwe ekhompyutheni.

Ukubeka ngokulula, umqhubi sisiqalelo sesoftware edibanisa ihardware kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza. Ngomqhubi, ikernel yePC iqhagamshelwe kwizinto zehardware. Ngokwenyani, ngaphandle kwabaqhubi benkqubo, oku kulandelayo akunakunakwenzeka:



  • Ukushicilela iphepha lokubhaliweyo;
  • Ukudlala ifayile yeMP3 (inkqubo isebenzisa abaqhubi besandi ukuguqulela ibhinari ibe yiMP3);
  • Ukusebenzisa ikhibhodi, ikhadi levidiyo, imawusi, njl.

Injongo ye-a umqhubi wesixhobo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ihardware iya kudityaniswa ngokutyibilikayo kulo naluphi na uguqulelo lwesixokelelwano esisebenzayo.

Usebenza Njani Umqhubi?

Usebenza njani uMqhubi wesixhobo



Indlela esebenzayo yokucinga ngabaqhubi kukubabona njengabalamleli phakathi kwenkqubo kwiPC kunye neqhekeza lehardware elisebenzisayo ukuqhuba. Ngokwazo, isoftware kunye nehardware aziqhagamshelwanga nangayiphi na indlela-ukuthetha ngobuchule, bathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokusebenzisa abaqhubi, nangona kunjalo, unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zibini lunokwenzeka. Yenza iprotocol yonxibelelwano kunye ne-interface, ngaloo ndlela ivumela zonke i-software-hardware intsebenziswano. Impembelelo yomqhubi wenkqubo inkulu kakhulu - ngaphandle kwayo, ukwakha kunye nokusebenza kwesoftware kuya kuba yinto engenakwenzeka.



I-Kernel vs Abaqhubi beNdlela yoMsebenzisi-Yintoni uMahluko?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabaqhubi besixhobo - ezo zebhodi yomama, i-BIOS, izixhobo ezibonakalayo, njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo zihlelwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ezibanzi - i-kernel kunye nabaqhubi bemowudi yomsebenzisi. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini? Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwaye sizame ukuzoba umahluko:

Abaqhubi beKernel

Abaqhubi beKernel basetyenziselwa ukulayisha inkqubo yokusebenza kwimemori. Njengoko kukho umda kubaqhubi beKernel inkqubo inokuqhuba ngaxeshanye ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwabo okuphezulu kwe-CPU kunye nefuthe lenkqubo, izixhobo zemowudi yeKernel zihlala zigcinelwe eyona misebenzi ithembekileyo yenqanaba lekhompyuter. Ezi ziquka ukuqhuba i-BIOS, i-motherboard, iprosesa, njalo njalo.

abaqhubi be-kernel

Umsebenzisi we-PC kufuneka akhumbule ukuba ingozi yomqhubi we-kernel ingaba yingozi kwinkqubo kwaye iphazamise yonke i-PC.

Abaqhubi beMode yoMsebenzisi

Umqhubi wemowudi yomsebenzisi usetyenziswa xa umsebenzisi we-PC ebangela imeko apho inxalenye entsha ye-hardware (engekho i-kernel-based) ixhunyiwe kwikhompyutheni. Oku kubandakanya izixhobo ezininzi zeplagi kunye nokudlala - abashicileli, iikhibhodi, ii-microphone, njl. Ngokungafani nomqhubi we-kernel, imowudi yomsebenzisi ayinakho ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-hardware - umqhubi usebenzisana nazo zonke izinto ze-hardware ngokusebenzisa i-API yenkqubo.

Abaqhubi beMowudi yomsebenzisi

Iindaba ezimnandi malunga nabaqhubi bemowudi yomsebenzisi kukuba iingozi zabo azibulali nangayiphi na indlela. Inkqubo isenokubuyiselwa emva kokuba umqhubi eyekile ukuphendula.

Ukuthoba inkqubo yempembelelo yabaqhubi bendlela yomsebenzisi, unokuzibhala kwidiski. Okukuphela kokuphela kolu qheliselo ngabaqhubi bemidlalo abangcono ukuba bagcinwe kwi-RAM.

Ezinye Iindidi zabaqhubi

Kukho ezinye iindidi zabaqhubi ngokusekelwe kwiinjongo zabo kunye nokusebenza. Kule block, uya kufumanisa malunga neentlobo eziphambili zabaqhubi besixhobo kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabo.

Ibhlokhi vs Abalinganiswa

Bobabini abaqhubi beebhloko kunye nabalinganiswa basetyenziselwa ukufunda nokubhala idatha. Ngokuxhomekeke kusetyenziso, ii-USB, ii-hard disks kunye nee-CD-ROM zinokuhlelwa njengenye okanye enye.

Abaqhubi beempawu bhala unobumba omnye wedatha olingana ne-byte yolwazi ngexesha. Umthetho wesithupha kukuba nasiphi na isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwizibuko lothotho lisebenzisa umqhubi weempawu. Olu hlobo lukwasetyenziselwa iibhasi ze-serial. Imouse, njengesixhobo sothotho, ngumzekelo oqinileyo wokusebenzisa abaqhubi abalinganiswa.

Block abaqhubi , kwelinye icala, iyakwazi ukufunda nokubhala amagama amaninzi ngexesha. Igama lolo hlobo livela kwimodeli yayo yokusebenza. Umqhubi webhloko usebenza ngokudala ibhloko kwaye uyigcwalise ngedatha eninzi njengoko inokuqulatha. Olo hlobo lomqhubi wesixhobo lusetyenziswa yi-hard disk okanye yi-CD-ROM (emva koko, nangona kunjalo, ifuna ikernel ukujonga ukuba isixhobo siqhagamshelwe kwiPC ngalo lonke ixesha xa sibhengezwa yiyo nayiphi na isoftwe).

Abaqhubi besixhobo esibonakalayo

Abaqhubi besixhobo esibonakalayo basetyenziselwa ukuqhuba isoftware yokulinganisa. Eyona mizekelo ixhaphakileyo enjalo ibandakanya iimeko zovavanyo lwenyani okanye iVPN. Ukuze uqhube i-emulator, inkqubo inokufuna ukudala ikhadi lenethiwekhi yenyani - ukwenzela ukuba wenze oko, umqhubi uyafuneka. Kulapho kufuneka umqhubi wesixhobo esibonakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-emulator, uvule uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi, njalo njalo.

Generic vs Umvelisi weZixhobo zoqobo

Omnye umahluko wokuzoba phakathi kwabaqhubi besixhobo kukufumanisa ukuba basebenza njenge-generic okanye i-OEM (umvelisi wesixhobo sokuqala) ezinxulumene.

Nawuphi na umqhubi osetyenziswa yinkqubo yokusebenza, nangawo onke amathuba, generic . Ezo ezinxulumene ne-OEM zinokusetyenziswa ngabashicileli besoftware eyahlukeneyo okanye zikhethekileyo kwisixhobo esithile.

Windows 10, umzekelo, usebenzisa abaqhubi begeneric.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kungekho mqhubi wegeneric wehardware ethile eyenzelwe ukuqhagamshelwa kwiPC, umenzi uya kuyila umniniyo oya kuba Enxulumene ne-OEM . Umsebenzisi kuya kufuneka afakele aba baqhubi ngesandla emva kokudibanisa isixhobo kwisixhobo.

OEM-abaqhubi yokugcina

Iqhelekile ngeminyaka yoo-1990s nakwiminyaka yokuqala yee-2000, abaqhubi be-OEM bayinto enqabileyo ngoku njengoko uninzi lweempawu zisebenzisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ulawulo lomqhubi wesixhobo

Ngoku uyazi ngakumbi malunga nabaqhubi, unokuzibuza ukuba ungalubona phi uluhlu lwabo bonke abaqhubi abaqhubayo belawula ukusebenza kwabo kunye nefuthe lenkqubo. Konke oku kungasentla kunokutshekishwa kuMphathi weSixhobo, ekhoyo kuzo zonke iinguqulelo zeWindows. Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho mfuneko yokulawula okanye tshintsha abaqhubi njengoko ziqhele ukufakwa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Vula umphathi weSixhobo

Okwangoku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa uguqulelo lwamva nje lwazo zonke izixhobo zokuqhuba, ungalibali ukujonga uMphathi woHlaziyo weWindows rhoqo ngexesha elithile. Ukuhlaziya abaqhubi kungokwabasebenzisi, hayi uxanduva lomenzi.

Iindaba ezimnandi kukuba, kukho izixhobo ezininzi zokuhlaziya umqhubi kwimarike. Baza kukhangela iwebhu kwiinguqulelo ezintsha kwaye bazifake ngokuzenzekelayo. Khumbula ukuba uhlaziyo lwabaqhubi soloko ndikhululekile . Nabani na okuxelela ukuba uhlawulele inguqulelo entsha, ukwi-rip-off. Nika ingqalelo kubuqhetseba obufanayo kwaye ubaphephe.

Ukuqukumbela

Abaqhubi besixhobo banempembelelo enkulu xa kufikwa kumava omsebenzisi agudileyo kunye noqhagamshelo lwesoftware-esebenzayo. Ukwazi umahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi zomqhubi eziqhelekileyo kunye nesiseko solawulo lwabo kuya kuphucula ukuzithemba kwakho njengomsebenzisi we-PC kwaye kukhusele ukuba uhlaselwe ngabahlaseli.